Konstantin Pavlovich Osipov ( 1896 - 1919 ) - Minister of War of the Turkestan Republic , who led the anti-Soviet rebellion in Tashkent in January 1919 .
| Konstantin Pavlovich Osipov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | 1896 |
| Place of Birth | Krasnoyarsk , Russian Empire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Bukhara Emirate |
| Occupation | |
Biography
Konstantin Pavlovich Osipov was born in 1896 in Krasnoyarsk . Before conscription, he studied at the Krasnoyarsk land surveying school. Member of the RSDLP (b) since 1913 .
Since the beginning of World War I , he served in the reserve regiment for two years, then was sent to the 4th Moscow School of Ensigns. At its end, Ensign Osipov, as the best graduate cadet, was left in her teacher. At the end of 1916 he was appointed to Turkestan. In early 1917, he served as adjutant to General Polonsky in Skobelev (Fergana). He accepted the February Revolution enthusiastically. In October 1917, he became a member of the Council of Soldiers' Deputies. In February 1918 he distinguished himself in battles to defeat the Kokand autonomy , and later in disarming the white Cossacks of Colonel Zaitsev near Samarkand. As a result, at 22, the young red commander became the military commissar of the Turkestan Republic .
On January 18–23, 1919 in Tashkent, under the leadership of Konstantin Osipov, an armed rebellion took place [1] , which aimed to overthrow the Soviet regime in the province.
During the rebellion, Osipov acted harshly and uncompromisingly, personally giving the order for the execution of prominent Soviet and party workers captured by the rebels at the very beginning of his armed uprising. Street battles unfolded on the streets of the city, and at the beginning the rebels experienced significant success. However, a number of key objects - the Tashkent railway workshops and the Fortress were not succeeded in capturing, which ultimately predetermined the failure of the rebellion. Active actions taken by the remaining Soviet leaders, including the leadership of the Tashkent railway workshops [2] , the head of the old-town squad Babadzhanov and, to the greatest extent, the commander of the garrison of the Tashkent fortress, the Left Social Revolutionary Ivan Belov , who launched shelling from the cannons of the headquarters of the conspirators, barracks 2 -th infantry regiment, foiled the plans of the leaders of the rebellion [3] .
After the rebellion failed, Konstantin Osipov and his associates left the city of Tashkent in the direction of Chimkent , and then, having made a maneuver, towards Chimgan , having previously taken all cash in paper currency and in gold from the city bank. The winners organized the persecution of the rebels who left the city, and also began to carry out mass “sweeps”, interrogations and executions in the city.
The last fight of the rebels with their persecutors took place in the snowy mountains, in the spurs of the Pskem Range at the village of Karabulak . After the search, a part of the funds taken out by the rebels from the bank in paper currency was found in the village itself. The winners failed to capture gold, like the leader of the rebellion Konstantin Osipov himself.
At first, the Soviet investigative authorities considered Osipov dead in the mountains under an avalanche, but after a while he appeared in the Ferghana Valley in units leading an armed struggle against the Soviet regime in the province. However, after a series of battles with government forces that were unsuccessful for fighters against the Soviet regime, Konstantin Osipov moved to Bukhara and began to cooperate with the emir. Since the Bukhara emirate was formally (and at that time actually) an independent state entity, through the diplomatic channels the Soviet government of the Republic of Tashkent from Tashkent began to insistently demand the extradition of Konstantin Osipov and his comrades from the emir. Under pressure from the Tashkent authorities, some of Osipov's associates were extradited to the Soviet authorities, but not Osipov himself.
In the memoirs of Prince Iskander it is written [4] that Osipov was killed by one of his comrades-in-arms for the purpose of robbery when Osipov was heading to the Ashgabat front.
A number of episodes of that time related to the fate of Konstantin Osipov were subsequently used as the basis for the script of films about the period of struggle for the establishment of Soviet power in the Turkestan Territory - “ The collapse of the emirate ”, “Flaming years”, “Password“ Hotel Regina “”.
After the actual overthrow of the power of the Emir of Bukhara by parts of the Red Army in 1920, the ruler of Bukhara himself fled to Afghanistan , where, according to some unverified reports, Konstantin Osipov was also seen in Kabul in 1926 [5] .
Notes
- ↑ According to historians who studied this period of Soviet history in the 20th century , the Turkestan military organization played an important role in the preparation of the Osipov rebellion.
- ↑ In particular, it is necessary to note the large role of the commander of the detachment of railway workshops, the left Social Revolutionary Koluzayev .
- ↑ In the book by F. M. Bailey “Mission to Tashkent” (Bailey FM (Frederick Marshman). Mission to Tashkent. London, Jonathan Cape, 1946), the author writes:
Osipov came to the barracks of the 2nd Turkestan regiment and, calling the White House - the residence of Kolesov, the head of the government, said that there was unrest in the barracks and he asked one of the commissars to come there and help him in negotiations to calm people. Eight of them went, including the infamous Pashko. Osipov shot them all. He then stated that the Bolshevik regime had come to an end and continued to get drunk. The Tashkent fortress was occupied by the liberated former Hungarian prisoners of war, who joined the Red Army. They remained loyal to the Bolsheviks, and an artillery duel unfolded between the fortress and the barracks of the 2nd regiment. The resistance of these Hungarians in the fortress was the main reason for the defeat of the Osipov uprising.
- ↑
At our insistence, ensign Osipov was invited from Bukhara to proceed to the Ashgabat front. Osipov went with the officer along the sands on a long journey, but was killed by his companion on the road - “passed through the sand”, as the latter put it in his report. The officer allegedly killed him with the purpose of robbery, that is, he wished to take advantage of the large sum of money available under Osipov and his talisman ring. According to legend, this ring brought misfortune to those who abducted it. The ring was very good work, gold with two intertwined women on it made of platinum and a very valuable ruby or sapphire in the middle. I did not know what happened before, but Osipov abducted him and died; an officer stole him from Osipov and also died. So the prediction came true.
- Prince Alexander Iskander (Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov) “ Heavenly Campaign. ” // “Military Historical Bulletin”, Paris, May, 1957. - ↑ Ivan Medvedev, “The Gold of the Red Coup”, Kommersant Vlast newspaper, No 41, October 18, 2004
Literature
- Kakanbaev A. The fight against Basmachi and the consolidation of Soviet power in Ferghana. - Tashkent, 1958.
- Polyakov Yu. A. The fight against basmachi in the Central Asian republics of the USSR. - M., 1983.