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Bell v-22 osprey

Bell V-22 Osprey (from the English osprey - osprey ) - American convertiplane (an apparatus that combines the individual advantages of an airplane and a helicopter). The only mass- produced convertiplane developed in the USA for more than 30 years by Bell . It is in service with the United States Marine Corps , the United States Navy and the United States Air Force .

V-22 osprey
Aircraft.osprey.678pix.jpg
Landing with the V-22 of the US Marine Corps , 2000.
Type ofVTOL transport
ManufacturerUSA flag Bell helicopter ,
USA flag Boeing Rotorcraft Systems
First flightMarch 19, 1989
Start of operationJune 13, 2007
Statusoperated by
OperatorsUS Marine Corps
US Air Force
Units producedmore than 350 [1]
Unit cost

115.5 million dollars - 2012 [2]

$ 116.1 million - 2013 [3] ($ 66 million from other sources [4] )
Base modelBell xv-15

Content

Creation History

 
 
MV-22 Osprey when folded

Flight tests of the new car began on March 19, 1989 . Already in September, the Osprey successfully demonstrated the transformation from a helicopter to an airplane during a flight. However, in 1990, funding for the program was virtually discontinued. It was decided to equip with these machines only the US Marine Corps , but here in the middle of 1992 the initial order was reduced to 300 vehicles. Navy signed a contract [ when? ] to purchase four V-22s and upgrade two existing prototypes, which were supposed to be made lighter and cheaper. The price of one device, amounting to 71 million dollars, in the future should, as the manufacturers hoped, drop to 58 million.

In 2008 , the Pentagon signed a contract for the supply of 167 V-22 Osprey convertiplanes for a total of $ 10.4 billion [5] .

Production
Export

In 2012, the US Department of Defense was ready to consider the delivery of convertiplanes to the armament of foreign armies, with preference being given to the Israeli Air Force, Canadian Air Force and the United Arab Emirates [6] . In April 2013, the Pentagon announced plans to include the supply of V-22 Osprey convertiplanes in the final stages of the discussion (a total of $ 10 billion) for the supply of weapons to Israel, the UAE and Saudi Arabia [7] .

Design

 
Cabin crew MV-22 Osprey. An unusual form of organs (handles) of aircraft control draws attention.

The wing is equipped with two Rolls-Royce T406 engines located at the ends of the wing in nacelles , which can rotate almost 98 degrees. The screws with three trapezoidal blades are interconnected by a synchronizing shaft , which passes inside the wing. This shaft also provides the ability to land the aircraft on a single engine. To reduce the dimensions during parking / storage, the wing rotates, the screws fold.

In order to reduce the weight of the structure, about 70% (5700 kg) of the apparatus is made of composite materials based on carbon - and fiberglass with an epoxy binder, which makes it a quarter lighter than the metal analog.

Options and Modifications

The tiltrotor is represented by the following options and their modifications:

  • CV-22 - basic tiltrotor for the CSR of the US Air Force (4 crew members, 24 or 32 paratroopers):
    • CV-22A,
    • CV-22B,
    • CV-22C;
  • MV-22 - tiltrotor for the USC (3 crew members, 24 or 32 paratroopers):
    • MV-22A,
    • MV-22B,
    • MV-22C;
  • CMV-22 - a convertible transport aircraft for the US Navy :
    • CMV-22A,
    • CMV-22B;
  • HV-22 - search and rescue tiltrotor for the US Navy:
    • HV-22A,
    • HV-22B;
  • SV-22 - anti-submarine convertiplane for the US Navy
    • SV-22A,
    • SV-22B;
  • EV-22 - Aircraft radio detection and guidance complex for the Royal Navy of Great Britain .

Armed

  •   USA
    • US Air Force Special Operations Command - 49 CV-22B, as of 2017 [8] ;
    • The US Marine Corps has 268 MV-22B and 12 MV-22B in the Marine Corps Reserve, as of 2017 [9] .

Application

In April 2011 , six convertiplanes from the 226th medium convertiplane squadron of the 26th US Marine Expeditionary Force flew from the British Camp Bastion military base in Afghanistan to the Kirsarge universal landing ship in the Greek Gulf of the Court [10] . The flight distance was 4.5 thousand kilometers. During the flight, two refueling was made from KC-130J Super Hercules refueling aircraft. This was the first intercontinental flight for convertiplanes.

On May 3, 2011, on board the V-22 Osprey, the body of Osama bin Laden, who was killed during a secret special operation, was transported from the Bagram air base to the Carl Vinson aircraft carrier, after which it was buried at sea.

On January 29, 2017 , a detachment of NSWDG fighters of the U.S. Navy landed with a V-22 Osprey in the province of Baida ( Yemen ). The operation was aimed at the building in which al-Qaeda militants were located. When landing, the tiltrotor received damage that led to a malfunction of the aircraft. During the evacuation of detachment V-22, Osprey was destroyed by American aircraft fire. [eleven]

Disasters and Accidents

  • June 11, 1991 - YV-22A (s / n 163915) crashed on the 3rd minute of the first demonstration flight at in Delaware [12] [13] .
  • July 20, 1992 - V-22 (s / n 163914) crashed into the Potomac River in Virginia during a demonstration flight in front of Congressmen. Killed 7 people [12] [14] .
  • April 8, 2000 - MV-22B (s / n 165436 / MX-04), assigned to United States Naval Forces , crashed while landing at Marana Airport in Arizona due to engine failure at an altitude of 75 meters. Killed 19 people. The explosion also damaged the MV-22 (s / n 165433 / MX-01), which was later decommissioned [12] [15] [16] [17] [18] .
  • December 11, 2000 - MV-22B (s / n 165440 / GX-08), assigned to the United States Naval Forces, fell into the forest near Jacksonville due to hydraulic failure. Killed 4 people [12] [19] .
  • March 27, 2006 - MV-22B (s / n 166389 / GX-16), assigned to the 204th training squadron of medium-sized convertiplanes of the United States Naval Forces, collapsed when the engine was started after a scheduled check. Decommissioned into the educational layout [20] [21] [22] .
  • April 9, 2010 - CV-22B (s / n 06-0031), assigned to the the US Air Force , crashed 11 km from the city of Kalat in the province of Zabul Afghanistan [23] [24] , performing a combat mission. The cause of the fall was a technical malfunction. Killed 4 people [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] .
  • April 11, 2012 MV-22B (s / n 165844 / EM-11), assigned to the US ILC, crashed southwest of the city of Agadir in the province of Morocco . The catastrophe occurred after taking off from the landing ship , during the joint military exercises of the United States and Morocco, . As a result of the crash, two people died and two were injured [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] .
  • June 13, 2012 - CV-22B (s / n 06-0032), assigned to the 8th squadron of special operations of the US Air Force, crashed at training ground of the air base in Florida while performing training flight. Five crew members were injured [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] .
  • June 21, 2013 - MV-22B (s / n 166735), assigned to the US United States Naval Forces, was destroyed by a fire on the Atlantic coast of the United States, as a result of the fire of grass at the landing site. No injuries were reported [45] [46] .
  • August 26, 2013 - MV-22B (s / n 168241), assigned to the United States Naval Forces, was destroyed by a fire resulting from a hard landing near airbase in Nevada . A crew of 4 managed to leave the aircraft before it caught fire and was not injured [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51] .
  • October 1, 2014 - MV-22B (s / n 168234 / YP-03) made an abnormal take-off from the landing ship in Bahrain . The tiltrotor was launched in maintenance mode, in which the engine power was not enough for a stable flight, but was successfully landed. 1 crew member drowned, jumping from the side of the tiltrotor [52] [53] .
  • May 17, 2015 - MV-22B (s / n 168020 / YR-01), assigned to the US USC, crashed while landing on Oahu in Hawaii . The tiltrotor suffered damage to the fuselage and caught fire. The accident caused the death of 2 US marines and injured 20 more [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] .
  • December 13, 2016 - MV-22B (s / n 168027 / EP-06), assigned to the , the U.S. ILC crashed 6 km east of the city of Nago in Okinawa Prefecture of Japan . All five crew members were rescued, two of them injured [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] .
  • January 28, 2017 - MVP-22 U.S. KMP made a hard landing and was subsequently destroyed during the evacuation of a U.S. Navy special forces group in Al-Baida Yemen governorate . One person died, four were injured [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] .
  • August 5, 2017 - MV-22B (s / n 168634 / EP-13), assigned to the 265th squadron of medium-sized convertibles of the United States Naval Forces, crashed while landing on the landing transport dock near the coast Australia There were 26 people on board the convertiplane, 23 of them were saved [80] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] [88] [89] .
  • September 28, 2017 - MV-22B (s / n 168281 / YP-01), assigned to the US United States Naval Forces, crashed in Syria . 2 Americans were injured [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] .

November 9, 2017 - Secretary General of the Japanese Cabinet Yoshihide Suga demanded that the United States ensure an adequate level of security for the Osprey convertiplanes used by the US Marine Corps amid data that they are highly accidental.

Ratings

 
CV-22 Osprey - inspection of the rotor.
  • Senator John McCain :

    The V-22 looks great ... when it’s not idle to repair [96] .

Performance Specifications

Specifications
 
MV-22 Osprey
 
MV-22 Osprey
 
MV-22 Osprey - night refueling
  • Crew - 3 (MV-22) or 4 (CV-22) people;
  • passenger capacity - 24 paratroopers.
  • Dimensions:
    • fuselage length - 17.48 m;
    • wingspan at the ends of the propeller blades - 25.78 m;
    • length with folded blades - 19.23 m;
    • width with folded blades - 5.64 m;
    • keel height - 5.38 m;
      • with engines installed vertically upwards - 6.74 m;
      • with folded blades - 5.51 m;
    • wing area - 28 m².
  • Weight:
    • the weight of the empty tiltrotor is 15,000 kg [97] ;
    • curb - 21 500 kg;
    • maximum take-off weight - 27,443 kg;
      • with vertical take-off - 23 859 kg;
      • during take-off with a short take-off - 25 855 kg;
    • payload mass - 5445 kg (with vertical take-off);
    • mass of the load on the external suspension:
      • when using one hook - 4536 kg;
      • when using two hooks - 6147 kg.
  • Fuel tank capacity:
    • MV-22 - 6513 l;
    • CV-22 - 7710 l;
    • up to three outboard fuel tanks of 1628 liters each.
  • Cargo compartment: [98]
    • length - 6.34 m;
    • width - 1.74 m;
    • height - 1.67 m.
  • Engines - 2 × Rolls-Royce T406 (AE 1107C-Liberty) [99] :
    • power - 2 × 4586 kW (6150 hp);
    • the number of rotor blades - 3 pcs.;
    • rotor diameter - 11.6 m;
    • swept surface area - 212 m².
Flight Performance (MV-22) [97]
 
  • Maximum speed :
    • in airplane mode - 565 km / h;
    • in helicopter mode - 185 km / h.
  • Cruising speed - 510 km / h.
  • Range of action:
    • combat radius - 690 km;
    • the radius of action during the landing load is 722 km;
    • practical range - 2627 km (without refueling);
      • with vertical take-off - 2225 km;
      • at takeoff with a short takeoff - 3340 km;
    • ferry range - 3892 km (with refueling).
  • Practical ceiling - 7620 m;
    • with one engine - 3139 m.
  • Rate of climb :
    • nominal - 5.5 m / s;
    • maximum - 16.25 m / s.
  • The load on the rotors is 102.23 kg / m².
  • Energy ratio - 427 W / kg.
  • Maximum operational overload - + 4 / −1 g.

See also

  • Bell xv-3
  • Bell / Agusta BA609
  • Bell eagle eye
  • Bell v-280 valor
  • Bell Boeing Quad TiltRotor
  • Mi-30

Literature

  • I. Kutsev . Aircraft with vertical or short take-off and landing "Osprey" // "Foreign Military Review", No. 1, 1990. Pp. 68-72.
  • S. Miscavige . The results of military tests of the transport-landing aircraft V-22 "Osprey" // "Foreign Military Review", No. 11 (656), 2001. Pp. 33-38.
  • Kuznetsov K.A. Four-winged bell-boarding V22 "Osprey" (Rus.) // Wings of the Motherland . - M. , 2017. - No. 3-4 . - S. 92-115 .
  • E.I. Ruzhitsky . American vertical take-off aircraft - M .: "Astrel", 2000.
  • CRS Report for Congress. V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft [100] .

Notes

  1. ↑ Bell / Boeing Rolls Out 350th Osprey
  2. ↑ Analysis of the Fiscal Year 2012 Pentagon Spending Request
  3. ↑ Analysis of Fiscal Year 2013 Pentagon Spending Request
  4. ↑ Arms Tass
  5. ↑ The Pentagon ordered 167 convertibles V-22 Osprey // lenta.ru, 03/31/2008
  6. ↑ ארה"ב תמכור ה-ווי -22 לישראל ("The US will sell V-22 to Israel ")] // IsraelDefense, 29.2.12 (Hebrew)
  7. ↑ US Arms Deal With Israel and 2 Arab Nations Is Near (“The conclusion of an arms deal between the United States, Israel and two Arab countries ”)] // The New York Times , 04/18/2013
  8. ↑ The Military Balance 2017, p. 56
  9. ↑ The Military Balance 2017, p. 52-53
  10. ↑ Osprey convertorplanes made their first intercontinental flight. Lenta.ru.
  11. ↑ CYNTHIA MCFADDEN, WILLIAM M. ARKIN, TIM UEHLINGER. How the Trump Team's First Military Raid in Yemen Went Wrong (Neopr.) . NBC News . NBC News (10/02/2017).
  12. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chronological Listing of Osprey. Losses & Ejections ( unopened ) . ejection-history.org.uk . Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived June 22, 2017.
  13. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey 163915, 11 Jun 1991 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  14. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey 163914, 20 Jul 1992 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  15. ↑ Reversal of blame allows pilots in 2000 Osprey crash to rest in peace, families say , Stars and Stripes . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  16. ↑ After 15 years, Pentagon says pilots not to blame for fatal V-22 crash | The Star-Telegram (unopened) (March 3, 2016). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on March 5, 2016.
  17. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 165436 / MX-04, 08 Apr 2000 (unopened) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  18. ↑ Harro Ranter. Hard landing Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 165433 / MX-01, 08 Apr 2000 (unopened) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  19. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 165440 / GX-08, 11 Dec 2000 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  20. ↑ US Navy and US Marine Corps BuNos - Third Series (164196 to ??) (unspecified) . www.joebaugher.com. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  21. ↑ MV-22 Cabin Part Task Trainer (MVCPTT) - Federal Business Opportunities: Opportunities (English) . www.fbo.gov. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  22. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 166389 / GX-16, 27 Mar 2006 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  23. ↑ US loses first Osprey in Afghanistan, 4 dead - Yahoo! News (unopened) (April 10, 2010). Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  24. ↑ CV-22 Osprey Crashes in Afghanistan | ISAF - International Security Assistance Force (Neopr.) (April 12, 2010). Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  25. ↑ US Helicopter Crash in Afghanistan Kills 4 . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  26. ↑ General: 'My Career Was Done' When I Criticized Flawed Warplane (English) , WIRED . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  27. ↑ Staff, By the CNN Wire . ISAF: 4 killed in US aircraft crash in Afghanistan - CNN.com . Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  28. ↑ Accident Investigation Board. CV-22B OSPREY, T / N 06-0031, 8TH SPECIAL OPERATIONS SQUADRON 1ST SPECIAL OPERATIONS WING HURLBURT FIELD, FLORIDA ( unspecified ) . UNITED STATES AIR FORCE (August 9, 2010). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived December 26, 2010.
  29. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing CV-22B Osprey 06-0031, 09 Apr 2010 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  30. ↑ Two US Marines killed in Morocco helicopter crash »Breaking News on Newstro | Live News Alerts - (unopened) (April 12, 2012). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on April 15, 2012.
  31. ↑ Editorial, Reuters . Two US soldiers die in helicopter crash in Morocco ( US ) , US . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  32. ↑ Two US soldiers killed in Morocco helicopter crash | The News Tribe (English) , The News Tribe (April 11, 2012). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  33. ↑ MV-22 Osprey crashes during military exercise (English) , DVIDS . Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  34. ↑ In the crash of the convertiplane in Morocco, American soldiers died . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  35. ↑ The Year 2012. Losses & Ejections (neopr.) . ejection-history.org.uk . Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on January 7, 2018.
  36. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 165844, 11 Apr 2012 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  37. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 16331, MV-22B Osprey, Morocco (Neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  38. ↑ Air Force Osprey crash injures five (link not available)
  39. ↑ Staff, By the CNN Wire . Air Force Osprey crash at Florida base injures five - CNN , CNN . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  40. ↑ Whittle, Richard . AFSOC Osprey Pilot's Crash Was His Second In CV-22s; Was Copilot First Time (English) , Breaking Defense . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  41. ↑ John Pike. United States Air Force Aircraft Accident Investigation Board Report, CV-22B, T / N 06-0032, June 13, 2012 (unopened) . www.globalsecurity.org. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  42. ↑ 26th man settles with Fort Worth diocese over molestation accusations | News | News from ... (unopened) . Date of treatment October 19, 2018. Archived November 25, 2012.
  43. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing CV-22B Osprey 06-0032, 13 Jun 2012 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  44. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 16226, CV-22B Osprey, USA (neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  45. ↑ 1 2 Kovach, Gretel C .. Black box may hold clues in Osprey crash, fire , sandiegouniontribune.com . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  46. ↑ 1 2 Aviation Summaries by Date 11/01/2011 to 09/30/2013 Class A Mishaps ( unspecified ) . Naval Safety Center (September 30, 2013). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on October 14, 2013.
  47. ↑ Plane suffers 'hard landing' near Creech AFB; no one injured , Las Vegas Sun. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  48. ↑ Aircraft lands hard near Creech Air Force Base, 4 crew members unharmed , Las Vegas Review-Journal (August 27, 2013). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  49. ↑ Marines: Osprey damaged beyond repair in Nevada crash , Stars and Stripes . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  50. ↑ Harro Ranter. Hard landing Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 168241, 26 Aug 2013 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  51. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 15754, MV-22B Osprey, USA (neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  52. ↑ Kovach, Gretel C .. Deadly Osprey crash spurred safety changes , sandiegouniontribune.com . Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  53. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22B Osprey 168234 / YP-03, 01 Oct 2014 (unopened) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  54. ↑ One Marine dead in Osprey crash at Bellows | Local News - Home (Neopr.) (May 18, 2015). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on May 21, 2015.
  55. ↑ US marine dies, 21 injured in Osprey crash-landing at Hawaii base , RT International . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  56. ↑ One US marine dead, 12 hospitalized after Hawaii aircraft accident | PhillyVoice ( Neopr .) (May 21, 2015). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on May 21, 2015.
  57. ↑ News from The Associated Press (Neopr.) (May 21, 2015). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on May 22, 2015.
  58. ↑ 168020 (cn D0150) Bell / Boeing MV-22B Osprey Photo by Mark Munzel | AIRFIGHTERS.COM (English) . www.airfighters.com. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  59. ↑ Forty-Five Seconds . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  60. ↑ Fatal MV-22 crash in Hawaii linked to excessive debris ingestion (English) , Flightglobal.com (November 25, 2015). Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  61. ↑ Harro Ranter. Hard landing Accident Bell / Boeing MV-22B Osprey 168020 / YR-01, 17 May 2015 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  62. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 8312, MV-22B Osprey, USA (neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  63. ↑ Mike Yeo 杨启铭 on Twitter (Russian) , Twitter . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  64. ↑ US Marine Osprey crashes off Japan, 5 rescued, US officials say , Fox News (13 December 2016). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  65. ↑ Schogol, Jeff . Marine Osprey crashes near Okinawa, crew members rescued (English) , Marine Corps Times (August 7, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  66. ↑ III MEF Commander addressed MV-22 mishap off the coast of Okinawa> III Marine Expeditionary Force> News Article Display (unopened) (December 14, 2016). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived March 18, 2017.
  67. ↑ Pilot error behind December Osprey crash off Okinawa, Marine Corps says , Stars and Stripes . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  68. ↑ Five crew members rescued, two of them hurt, after Futenma Marine Osprey ditches off Nago | The Japan Times (Neopr.) (December 16, 2016). Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  69. ↑ The United States convertible plane crashed in Japan, a flight ban was introduced , Rosbalt . Date of treatment October 12, 2017.
  70. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell Boeing MV-22 Osprey 168027, 13 Dec 2016 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  71. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 14087, MV-22 Osprey, Japan (neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  72. ↑ Kevin Baron on Twitter (Russian) , Twitter . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  73. ↑ News_Executive on Twitter (Russian) , Twitter . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  74. ↑ CNN, Ryan Browne,. US servicemember killed in raid on al Qaeda in Yemen , CNN . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  75. ↑ Dozier, Kimberly . One Dead, Four Wounded in First Manned Raid of Trump Presidency (English) , The Daily Beast (January 29, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  76. ↑ US Commando Killed in Yemen in Trump's First Counterterrorism Operation . Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  77. ↑ Raid in Yemen: Risky From the Start and Costly in the End . Date of appeal October 19, 2018.
  78. ↑ Harro Ranter. Hard landing Accident Bell-Boeing MV-22 Osprey, 28 Jan 2017 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  79. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 14341, V-22 Osprey, Yemen (Neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  80. ↑ US military aircraft crashes off Australia , The West Australian (5 August 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  81. ↑ Ben Doherty. US military plane crash: search for missing crew in Queensland turns to 'recovery effort' . the Guardian (August 6, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  82. ↑ 3 US Marines missing after heli-plane crashes off Australian coast , NBC News . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  83. ↑ US military helicopter crashes off Queensland | Daily Telegraph (Neopr.) (August 5, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on August 5, 2017.
  84. ↑ Search for survivors of US marines crash turns to 'recovery effort' (English) , ABC News (August 6, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  85. ↑ Media Release # 17-014: TRANSITION TO MV-22 MISHAP RECOVERY, SALVAGE EFFORTS> III Marine Expeditionary Force> News Article Display (unopened) (August 5, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived on August 10, 2017.
  86. ↑ US military plane crash: Aircraft 'risky' to fly, expert says , The New Daily (6 August 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  87. ↑ Regan, James . Australia finds US military aircraft that crashed off northeast ... (English) , US . Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  88. ↑ MV-22 struck flight deck before fatal crash (English) , Flightglobal.com (10 August 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  89. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 15618, MV-22B Osprey, Australia (neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  90. ↑ Tomlinson, Lucas . US military aircraft crash in Syria injures two ( Fox ) ( Fox News (September 29, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  91. ↑ Schogol, Jeff . Two troops injured when Marine Osprey crashes in Syria , Marine Corps Times (September 29, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  92. ↑ V-22 Osprey Suffers 'Hard Landing' in Syria, Two Service Members Injured - USNI News , USNI News (September 29, 2017). Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  93. ↑ Aviation Summaries by Date 01/01/2016 to 02/12/2018 Class A Mishaps ( unopened ) (link not available) . Rpt No: AV-201 . Naval Safety Center (February 12, 2018). Date of treatment November 17, 2018. Archived March 29, 2018.
  94. ↑ Harro Ranter. Accident Bell / Boeing MV22B Osprey YP01 / 168281, 28 Sep 2017 (neopr.) . aviation-safety.net. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  95. ↑ Lostarmour ID - 16386, MV-22B Osprey, Syria (Neopr.) . lostarmour.info. Date of treatment November 17, 2018.
  96. ↑ Osprey tiltrotor: expensive, unreliable, in demand // Popular Mechanics
  97. ↑ 1 2 Corner of the sky - Boeing V-22 Osprey
  98. ↑ Boeing: Integrated Defense Systems - V-22 Osprey - Specifications // boeing.com
  99. ↑ Engines for convertiplanes cost the United States $ 600 million // Tape. RU
  100. ↑ V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft , CRS Report for Congress, August 4 , 2005
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bell_V-22_Osprey&oldid=98109128


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