Kubenskoe [1] [4] [6] [8] [9] [10] or Kubenskoe Lake [2] [3] [5] [11] ( obsolete. Kubinskoe [11] ) is a lake of glacial-tectonic origin in European parts of Russia [4] . Kubenskoye Lake occupies the lowland position of the central landscape of the Vologda Oblast on the border of the Vologda and Ust-Kubinsky districts [2] , belongs to the Northern Dvina basin [3] .
| Kubensky lake | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 110.1 [1] m |
| Dimensions | 54 [2] –60 [3] × 10 [2] –15 [3] km |
| Area | 370-417 [4] km² |
| Volume | about 1 [2] [4] (1.7 [5] ) km³ |
| Deepest | 13 [4] (4,5 [2] ) m |
| Average depth | 2.5 [2] [4] m |
| Hydrology | |
| Type of mineralization | fresh |
| Salinity | 80–438 [4] mg / l |
| Swimming pool | |
| Pool area | 14,700 [6] km² |
| Flowing rivers | Kuben , Uftyuga , Porozovitsa , Dmitrovka |
| Flowing river | Sukhona |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Vologodskaya Oblast |
| Areas | Vologda district , Ust-Kubinsky district |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
Content
- 1 Morphometry
- 2 Inflows and runoff
- 3 Shipping
- 4 Attractions
- 5 Archeology
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Morphometry
The lake has an elongated shape [3] , located at an altitude of 110.1 m above sea level [1] in a swampy lowland; length - 54 [2] –60 [3] km, width - 10 [2] –15 [3] km, area from 370 to 417 km² (the area of the lake is unstable due to the annual flooding of low shores with melt waters). The long-term amplitude of oscillations of the water edge reaches 6 m, and the intra-annual amplitude is 3-4 m [4] .
The bottom of Lake Kubensky is mostly sandy [3] . The average depth of Lake Kubensky is 2.5 m, the largest - 13 m. It is gradually becoming shallow, the southwestern side of the lake has departed from the steep root bank by about 2 km, and the northeastern by 10-16 km. The former water levels can clearly be judged only by the preserved riverbed ramparts and terraces [4] . The food is mixed, with a predominance of snow. The lake freezes in October - November; it opens in late April - May [3] .
Tributaries and runoff
About 30 rivers flow into the lake, the main ones are Kubena and Uftuga [2] . From the lake flows the Sukhona River , at the source of which a regulating flow and water level in the lake are built with a dam with the navigable lock "Famous". For the winter, the “Famous” floodgate dam sinks to the bottom (dam base), and is in this position until the end of the Sukhon flood. This technical solution is caused by the fact that during the flood (in late April - early May) Sukhon flows back from the mouth of the Vologda River to the Kubensky Lake (changes its direction) due to the strong backwater of the flood waters below the Ust-Vologda. In fact, Kubenskoye Lake is a reservoir , being the main reservoir of drinking water for the regional center - Vologda [4] .
Shipping
It enters immediately into two water systems - the North Dvinsk and Volga-Baltic [4] . Wide sandbanks off the coast, especially in the southwest, make shipping difficult. Stony ridges are found in places, north of the mouth of the Uftugi River and near Kamenny Island. The fairway of the lake is narrow, only a few kilometers, has a muddy bottom. By autumn, a significant drop in the water horizon is observed. The North Dvina system (the canal of the Duke of Wirtemberg [12] ) is connected via the Sheksna River to the Volga-Baltic Waterway (formerly the Mariinsky Water System ). Developed fishing [2] .
Attractions
Near the mouth of the Kuben River on Kamenny Island there is a male Spaso-Kamenny monastery . Since the 1990s, restoration work has been ongoing. In 2017, the monastery was officially revived [2] [13] .
Archeology
Near the estuary part of the Dmitrovka River, on the elevated edge of the modern floodplain and first floodplain terraces facing the Kubensky Lake, in the water area of the Zabolotsky Paleoozero [14] near the village of Minino, there are sites of the Mesolithic and Neolithic era - Minino II and Minino I , for which radiocarbon dates were obtained - 8400 ± 40 - 9435 ± 40 l. n and 6165 ± 45 - 9435 ± 55 l. n respectively [15] [16] . The XI-XIII centuries include burials left by the ancient Russian population [17] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Map sheet O-37-19 Novlenskoe . Scale: 1: 100,000. 1960 edition
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 G. A. Vorobyov. Kubenskoye Lake // Vologda Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. G.V. Sudakov . - Vologda: Russia, 2006 .-- S. 274 . - ISBN 5-87822-305-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kubenskoye Lake // Konda - Kun. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 13).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.V. Izmailova. Kubenskoye Lake . - An article from the popular science encyclopedia Water of Russia. Date of treatment October 7, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 Kuben Lake // Epiphany - Swallows. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2010. - P. 227. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 16). - ISBN 978-5-85270-347-7 .
- ↑ 1 2 State Water Register . Lake Kubenskoe . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- ↑ Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 3. The Northern Territory / ed. N.M. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1965 .-- 612 p.
- ↑ Kubenskoye // Dictionary of the names of hydrographic objects of Russia and other countries - members of the CIS / ed. G.I. Donidze. - M .: Kartgeotsentr - Geodezizdat, 1999. - S. 197. - ISBN 5-86066-017-0 .
- ↑ Kubenskoye / Index of geographical names // General characteristics of the territory / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" and the State Center "Nature" in 2004; ch. ed. A. N. Krajukhin ; open Ed .: G.V. Pozdnyak , N.N. Polunkina , N.V. Smurova . - M .: Roskartografiya, 2004. - ( National Atlas of Russia : 4 vols ; 2004-2008, vol. 1). - ISBN 5-85120-217-3 .
- ↑ Register of names of geographical objects on the territory of the Vologda region // State catalog of geographical names. rosreestr.ru.
- ↑ 1 2 Lake Kubensky // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1895. - T. XVIa. - S. 922–923.
- ↑ Dmitry Anokhin. Spaso-Kamenny Monastery on Kamenny Island in Lake Kubensky was opened by the decision of the Holy Synod . vologda-mitropolia.ru (Friday, 06 October 2017 20:36). Date of treatment October 7, 2017.
- ↑ Investigation of the burial ground and parking of Minino 2 in 2007
- ↑ Suvorov A. V. “Methods of handling the bodies of the deceased in the burials of the Stone Age at the monuments of Minino I and II on Lake Kubensky”
- ↑ A.P. Buzhilova . The population of the Mesolithic era in northern Europe (adaptation problems)
- ↑ Minino - time and eternity in the palm of your hand. The story of an archaeologist (Inaccessible link) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived February 12, 2017.
Literature
- Kubenskoe Lake // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1895. - T. XVIa. - S. 922–923.
- Kubensky Lake // Konda - Kun. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 13).
- Kubensky lake // Epiphany - Swallows. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2010. - P. 227. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 16). - ISBN 978-5-85270-347-7 .
- Dementiev, Vadim. Bays of Kubensky Lake // Our Contemporary . - 2005. - No. 8.
Links
- State Water Register . Kubenskoye Lake . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.