Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev (October 4 (16), 1873 , Moscow - September 23, 1922 , Gryazovets , Vologda province ) - Russian, Soviet chemist and biochemist.
| Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Date of Birth | October 4 (16), 1873 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | September 23, 1922 (48 years old) |
| Place of death | Gryazovets |
| A country |  Russian Empire  RSFSR (1917-1922) |
| Scientific field | chemistry , biochemistry |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | Moscow University (1895) |
| Famous students | E. H. Fritzman |
| Known as | discoverer of a number of complex compounds |
| Awards and prizes | Prize named after V.I. Lenin (1927, posthumous) |
Content
Biography
Born in Moscow in the family of physics teacher Alexander Fomich Chugaev and Anna Dmitrievna Glika. The uterine brother of another prominent chemist - Vladimir Ipatiev [1] . He graduated from the 4th Moscow gymnasium [2] . After graduating from Moscow University (in 1895 ) , he headed the chemical department of the Bacteriological Institute in Moscow. Professor (1904-1908) of the Imperial Moscow Technical School (since 1917 - MVTU ), Petersburg Institute of Technology (1909-1922), St. Petersburg University (1908-1922; since 1914 - Petrograd). Founder and director (since 1918 ) of the Institute for the Study of Platinum and Other Noble Metals (in 1934 the Institute became part of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry ). He died in 1922 from typhoid fever .
Works
The first works were devoted to bacteriology and biochemistry : he discovered a sensitive reaction to ordinary Escherichia coli , distinguishing it from typhoid bacteria . In the field of organic chemistry, Chugaev investigated a number of terpenes , camphor ; developed a "xanthogenous" method for the synthesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons (see Chugaev’s reaction ). He developed a method for determining mobile hydrogen atoms in organic compounds, the so-called Chugaev – Tserevitinov method . He discovered ( 1911 ) a new type of anomalous rotational dispersion due to the presence of 2 asymmetric centers in the molecule of the organic compound. Chugaev made a great contribution to the chemistry of complex compounds : he established that the most stable of them contain 5- or 6-membered rings in the inner sphere (the rule of Chugaev’s cycles ); in 1915 (50 years before E.O. Fischer ) received the first carbene organometallic complex, the correct structure of which was discovered only in the 70s of the 20th century, and for the first time synthesized ( 1920 ) the pentamine compounds of 4-valent platinum predicted by theory [Pt (NH 3 ) 5 Cl] X 3 , where X is a monovalent anion ( Chugaev salts ); discovered ( 1915 ) the conversion of complex amino compounds to the corresponding amide compounds. For analytical chemistry , the discovery by Chugaev of a sensitive reaction to nickel with dimethylglyoxime ( 1905 ) [3] [4] and to osmium with thiourea ( 1918 ) is important. The creator of a scientific school in the field of complex compounds. In 1927 he was awarded the V. I. Lenin Prize (posthumous).
Object of cultural heritage No. 3500002572
In memory of L. A. Chugaev
- Since 1994, the Russian Academy of Sciences has been awarding the L. A. Chugaev Prize “for outstanding work in the field of chemistry of complex compounds” [5] .
- At intervals of 2-3 years, the International Chugaev Conference on Coordination Chemistry is held. The XXIV conference was held in St. Petersburg from June 15 to 19, 2009 [6] , XXV - in Suzdal from June 6 to 11, 2011 [7] .
- On the occasion of the centenary of the birth of L. A. Chugaev, on May 30, 1973, the USSR issued a marked labeled envelope with his portrait, by the artist A. Kalashnikov (catalog number “ Philately of the USSR ” - 3133 [8] , number to another catalog - 8931 [9] ).
See also
- Chugaev reaction
- Chugaev-Tserevitinov Method
- Salts of Chugaev
- Rule of Chugaev's cycles
Notes
- ↑ Ipatiev and Chugaev (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment September 25, 2011. Archived on September 20, 2011.
- ↑ List of graduates of the 4th gymnasium
- ↑ Chugaev L.A. About metallic compounds of α-dioximes // Journal of the Russian Physicochemical Society . - 1905. - T. 37 , no. 2 . - S. 243 .
- ↑ Soloviev Yu. I. Studies of L. A. Chugaev in the chemistry of complex compounds // History of Chemistry in Russia: Scientific Centers and Main Research Areas. - M .: Nauka , 1985 .-- S. 275—279.
- ↑ Prize named after L. A. Chugaev
- ↑ PHOTOS and THESES
- ↑ Conference website
- ↑ Postal envelopes of the Ministry of Communications of the USSR // Philately of the USSR . - 1974. - No. 1 . - S. 42 .
- ↑ Lapkin A. A. Artistic Labeled Envelopes. Part III. Book 2 (continued). 1970-1974 - Zelenograd: Lika, 2005 .-- S. 121.
Literature
- Cit .: Fav. Proceedings, vols. 1-3, M., 1954-1962.
- Journal of American Chem. Society 1970, p. 2555—2557 Burke, Balch, Enemark.
- Zvyagintsev O. E., Soloviev Yu. I., Staroyalsky P.I. , Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev. - M., 1965.
- Zamyatkina V.M., Kukushkin Yu.N., Makarenia A.A. , Lev Aleksandrovich Chugaev. - L., 1973.
Links
- Chugaev, Lev Alexandrovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Chugaev Lev // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Chugaev Lev Aleksandrovich - Biography of St. Petersburg State University