Lidia Yakovlevna Lipkovskaya ( Lidia Lipkovski , Ukrainian, Lidia Lipkovska , married in Marschner , April 28 [10] May 1884 , Babin , Khotyn district , Bessarabian province , Russian Empire - March 22, 1955 , Beirut , Lebanon ) - Artist and operetta, chamber singer ( lyric and coloratura soprano ), vocal teacher, poet [К 1] . Soloist of the Mariinsky Theater (1906–1908, 1911–1913) and the Theater of Musical Drama (1914–1915), participant in the Russian seasons of Dyagilev in Paris (1909, 1920–1930).
Lydia Lipkovskaya | |
---|---|
basic information | |
Birth name | Lidiya Yakovlevna Lipkovskaya |
Date of Birth | April 28 ( May 10 ) 1884 |
Place of Birth | with. Babin , Khotyn district , Bessarabian province , Russian empire |
Date of death | March 22, 1955 (70 years) |
Place of death | Beirut , Lebanon |
Buried | |
A country | Russian Empire , the USSR |
Professions | opera singer , chamber singer , vocal music teacher |
Singing voice | lyric-coloratura soprano |
Instruments | and |
Genres | opera , operetta , chamber music |
Collectives | Mariinsky Theater , Musical Drama Theater |
Biography
She was born in 1884 in the village of Babin of the Khotinsky district of the Bessarabian province (now the Kelmenetsky district of the Chernivtsi region of Ukraine) in the family of Yakov Ivanovich Lipkovsky and Dominika Valerianovna. Lipkovsky had three sisters and four brothers. My father loved music very much, he himself played the violin and organized a children's choir in which children sang.
She started singing at the age of five. Primary education in a two-year rural school. Then she entered the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium in Kamenets-Podolsk . From the age of 12 she sang in the church choir, from 14 she took part in charity concerts.
At the age of 17, while studying in the last year of the gymnasium, she married a student of the Faculty of Oriental Languages of the St. Petersburg University Christopher Marschner, who was six years older. The couple went to Petersburg, the daughter Ariadne was born. Two years later, Lipkovskaya left her husband, who resisted her desire to learn to sing.
In St. Petersburg Lipkovskaya lived in the house number 17 on the street. Millionth .
Debut
In 1903, Lydia Marschner became a student of the St. Petersburg Conservatory in vocal class N. A. Iretskaya . In the conservatory she studied for free. In her second year, she debuted under her maiden name in the Russian-Italian private opera at the benefit performance of N. Figner on January 4, 1904. Twenty-year-old Lipkovskaya replaced the sick singer and brilliantly performed the part of Gilda in the opera Rigoletto without rehearsals. Many newspapers wrote about success - they noted excellent coloratura, expressive voice means, musicality and noble taste of the young singer [2] . Professor Iretskaya paid tribute to the vocals of the student, but for her unauthorized appearance on the stage she was removed from the classes. After some time, Lipkovsky was allowed to return to the conservatory. The second time the student disobeyed the teacher and, at the invitation of Rimsky-Korsakov, the Snow Maiden sang on the private stage in his opera of the same name.
Stage career
Mariinsky Theater (1906-1908) and tours to the Bolshoi Theater
The singer's professional career began on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater , where she was admitted on May 1, 1906 after graduating from the conservatory [3] . The first role in the theater was Gilda ("Rigoletto"). Then she sang the repertoire of the recently abandoned Mariinsky stage by Mravina - the party of Olympia (“The Tales of Hoffmann”), Zerlina (“Don Juan”), Rosina (“The Barber of Seville”). According to the report, the director of the imperial theaters of Telyakovsky was sent to take singing lessons from her former teacher N. Iretska, and performing arts from A. Petrovsky . A year later, the theater sent Lipkovsky to the conductor of the Milan opera Vanzo at La Scala to study the Italian technique of singing.
Lipkovskaya mastered her voice perfectly, which allowed her to brilliantly perform the most difficult parts. She easily competed with the violin and flute. Even in the highest register (and she freely took three octaves) her voice did not lose softness and melodiousness. The demanding audience of the imperial theater was conquered and Lipkovskaya soon began to be considered one of the best coloratura sopranos. [four]
In September 1907, she first performed with Chaliapin in the opera “ Lakme ” by Deliba . On November 17, 1907, Sobinov was a stage partner in the same opera. Nikolai Figner invited to perform the part of Juliet ("Romeo and Juliet") at his farewell benefit performance on December 28, 1907. Stormy ovations and luxurious bouquets accompanied the performance. The whole nobility of St. Petersburg and artistic bohemia were present, the singer's parents were invited. Lipkovskaya recalled:
The hall was electrified <...> For me, everything that happened was Figner's theatrical burial. I was extremely sad that it was I, his “goddaughter” (after all, he was my first partner in the “illegal debut”, you have to close the doors of the Mariinsky Theater behind him ...)"Evening Chisinau" [5] |
In January 1908 she first performed on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in the operas “Rigoletto” and “Lakme”. The Moscow public warmly welcomed the singer, but the criticism was reserved. [6] After returning to Petersburg, she received an invitation to Paris to participate in the seasons of the Russian Opera under the leadership of Dyagilev (1909, 1920–1930s).
On February 2, 1908, on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater, she acted as Valentina in the production of the Merry Widow operetta Lehar .
Foreign tours (1909–1911)
In Paris, she sang on the stage “ Théâtre du Châtelet ” (1909).
She toured in America in 1909–1911, sang in the Metropolitan Opera in New York , as well as in Boston (1909) and Chicago (1910). In the USA, Lipkovskaya met with Caruso - he was a partner of the singer in November 1909 in the opera “Rigoletto” and in February 1910 in “La Traviata”. In the same country, the artist met and jointly performed with Puccini and Ruffo .
On the stage of London's Covent Garden , she sang Suzanna in the premiere performance of E. Wolf-Ferrari “The Secret of Suzanne” (1909) and Mimi in the opera “La Boheme” (1911).
Later she successfully toured in many cities: in Moscow , Kiev , Odessa , Berlin , Vienna , Budapest .
In October 1913 she sang on the stage of the St. Petersburg People’s House [K 2] . On November 12 of the same year, the singer gave a charity concert at the Nobiliary Assembly in favor of the orphanage.
In February 1914 in Monte-Carlo Lipkowska participated in the opera Hebe Holidays by Rameau, staged by Raoul Ginsburg after a two-hundred year break.
Theater of Musical Drama (1914–1915)
On September 20, 1914, with the permission of the Ministry of the Court, Lipkovskaya, a soloist of the St. Petersburg Theater of Musical Drama (1914-1915), organized a performance in favor of wounded soldiers.
Emigration
From 1919 she lived abroad, first in France, from 1920 - in Chisinau, where she taught at private conservatories, in 1924-1927 - in Bucharest. In the 1920-1930-ies performed in Europe and America. The tour in Harbin in 1922 was a triumph. From November 1927 to May 1929, she toured the USSR with concerts and opera performances. During this period she sang in 160 concerts. In 1933-1936, she performed in Bucharest, Berlin, Paris. On December 12, 1936, a concert of Lipkovskaya was held in Palestine (now Israel ). After the Paris touring she spent the summer in her native places and decided to return. In 1936, a farewell concert of Lipkovskaya was held at the Express Theater in Chisinau [K 3] . She moved to Bucharest . In 1937 she moved to Chisinau , where she lived on ul. A. Shchusev, 111 [7] until 1940. During this period, from 1931 to 1940, she taught vocals at the private conservatories of Unir and Municipal, in 1940–1941, at the newly-formed DG Gershfeld of the Kishinev State Conservatory. Among the students of Lipkovskoy are Tamara Cheban , People’s Artist of the Moldavian SSR , Aleksey Styrcha , singer and composer, soloist of the Theater for them. Pushkina Anna Daskal, Lydia Babich , the prima donna of the Bucharest opera.
The artist left the stage in 1941 after performances in Odessa. During the Romanian occupation during the Second World War, she moved to Bucharest (1943), from 1948 she taught at the Conservatory in Timisoara, in 1950 she moved to Paris to be closer to her daughter. On May 19, 1951, a concert of Lipkovskaya was held in France with the participation of the first tenor Jeane Filion, pianist John Pennink and singer Irina Ivchenko, at the piano K. Lishke. Since 1952, he has been teaching in Paris, where at the meeting of the artistic and pedagogical council of the Russian Conservatory of the Russian Musical Society Abroad, she was elected professor in the singing class [8] .
In 1953, Lipkovsky was invited to the post of director of the Beirut Conservatory of Académie Beaux-Arts in Lebanon , where her sister lived at the time. Soon, Lipkovskaya was unable to work due to her health and spent the last years of her life in need and oblivion.
Died March 22, 1955 (in some sources 1958). She was buried at the Orthodox cemetery in the Hamra district of West Beirut (Lebanon) [9] .
Family
- Father - Lipkovsky Jacob (Jacob) Ivanovich, a teacher of a two-year rural school.
- Mother - Lipkovskaya Dominica Valeryanovna.
- Brother - Lipkovsky Anatoly Yakovlevich.
- Brother - Lipkovsky Vladimir Yakovlevich.
- Nephew - Lipkovsky Oleg Vladimirovich.
- Brother - Lipkovsky Vasily Yakovlevich.
- Brother - Lipkovsky Dmitry Yakovlevich.
- Sister - Lipkovskaya (married Kan) Alexandra Yakovlevna.
- Sister - Lipkovskaya (married to Kudryavtsev) Tatyana Yakovlevna (? - 05/16/1970, Montreal, Canada), ballet dancer and teacher, graduated from the ballet school at the Mariinsky Theater, the first student of the Kshesinsky dance studio opened in 1929 in Paris. In 1934 she left for Canada. Opened in Montreal school of classical dance.
- The first husband is Marshner Christopher Khristoforovich, a student of the Faculty of Oriental Languages of St. Petersburg University
- Daughter - Marschner Ariadna Khristoforovna.
- Granddaughter - Maria.
- The second husband is Baden Iarl, Dane.
Repertoire
Opera parties
- Mimi - “ La Boheme ” by Puccini ,
- Elema - The Valencian Moors by Ponchielli ,
- Ophelia - Tom's “ Hamlet ”
- Zerlina - " Don Juan " by Mozart ,
- Norina - " Don Pasquale " Donizetti ,
- Tatyana - “ Eugene Onegin ” by Tchaikovsky ,
- Leila - " The Pearl Seekers " by Bizet ,
- Michaela - Bizet's Carmen,
- Lakme - " Lakme " Delibes ,
- Adina - Donizetti's " Love Drink "
- Lucia - " Lucia di Lammermoor " Donizetti,
- Rachel - “ Mademoiselle Fifi ” Cui ,
- Pannochka - “ May Night ” by Rimsky-Korsakov ,
- Manon - " Manon " Massenet ,
- Eurydice - " Orpheus and Eurydice " Gluck ,
- Nedda - " Pagliacci " Leoncavallo ,
- Hebe - “ Festivals of Hebe ” by Rameau , opera-ballet,
- Olga - “The Pskovite ” by Rimsky-Korsakov,
- Gilda - Verdi's " Rigoletto ", the debut role on the private stage and in the Mariinsky Theater,
- Juliet - " Romeo and Juliet " Gounod ,
- Lyudmila - " Ruslan and Lyudmila " by Glinka ,
- Volkhov - " Sadko " Rimsky-Korsakov,
- Rosina - The Barber of Seville by Rossini ,
- Suzanne - "The Secret of Suzanne " Wolf-Ferrari ,
- Tsarevna Swan - "The Tale of Tsar Saltan " by Rimsky-Korsakov,
- Olympia - Offenbach’s Hoffmann Tales ,
- Snow Maiden - " Snow Maiden " by Rimsky-Korsakov,
- Amina - Bellini's “ Somnambulla ”
- Tais - " Tais " Massenet
- Margarita - Gounod's Faust,
- Martha - The Tsar's Bride of Rimsky-Korsakov.
Operetta
- Valentine - " Merry widow " Lehar
Chamber works
- “Moldavian Steppe” is a musical and lyrical picture. Performed together with Alexander Vertinsky.
- The song from the play “Psish” by Yu. D. Belyaev.
Records
1. Outstanding Russian singers of the past [Sound recording]: [arias and scenes from Rus. and abroad. operas, romances rus. composite., rus. drug songs]. - Subscription edition. - Moscow: Melody, 1965 (Aprelevka: Aprelev. Sd group). - 3 grp. [GOST 5289-61]. - (Outstanding singers of the past; Series 1). Archival records from the funds of the Supreme State Assembly and the collection of I. F. Boyarsky. Comments in adj. Storage: Gr B / 313;
- N. Rimsky-Korsakov; Snow Maiden's aria: from the opera The Snow Maiden; performers L. Lipkovskaya, soprano.
2. Lydia Lipkovskaya, soprano [Sound recording] / [all works] performer. L. Lipkovskaya, soprano; Accompaniment: M. Dulov, piano; Orchestra Gramophone Compane Ltd; [auth. comments on conv.] Yu. Perepelkin. - Moscow: Melody, 1985 (Moscow experimental zd “Gramzapis“). - 1 group [GOST 5289-80]. - (Performing art). WASH. Archival records 1912-1914 Storage: Gr B-1/728 (10);
- J. Rossini: Cavatina Rosina: from the 1st d. Of the opera The Barber of Seville; Cavatina of Semiramis: from the 1st d. Of the opera "Semiramide";
- L. Delibes: Waltz: from the Coppelia ballet; Pizzicato: from the ballet "Silvia";
- N. Rimsky-Korsakov: Arietta the Snow Maiden: from the 1st d. Of the opera The Snow Maiden; Melting Scene: from the 4th d. Of the opera The Snow Maiden; Aria of Martha: from the 2nd d. Of the opera "The Tsar's Bride"; Aria of Martha: from the 4th. Of the opera "The Tsar's Bride";
- P. Tchaikovsky: Arioz Iolanta: from the opera "Iolanta";
- A. Dargomyzhsky - A. Delvig: Sixteen Years.
3. Lydia Lipkovskaya, soprano, George Baklanov, baritone [Sound Recording] / [all works] Performed by: L. Lipkovskaya, soprano, G. Baklanov, baritone; Accompaniment: M. Dulov, piano; Orchestra Gramophone Compane Ltd; [auth. comments on conv.] Yu. Perepelkin. - Moscow: Melody, 1985 (Leningrad: Leningrad zd group). - 1 group [GOST 5289-80]. - (Performing art). WASH. Archival records 1912-1914 Storage: Gr B-1/728 (11);
- G. Verdi: Gilda's aria: from the 1st d. Of the opera "Rigoletto"
- S. Gounod: Juliet's Waltz: from the 1st stage of the opera Romeo and Juliet
- A. Thom: Duet of Ophelia and Hamlet: from the 1st d. Of the opera Hamlet; performers G. Baklanov, baritone.
- J. Puccini: The Mimi Story: From the 1st Part of the La Boheme Opera; Tosca Aria: from the 2nd d. Of the Tosca opera
- R. Schumann - J. von Eichendorf: Spring Night: Op. 39 No. 2
- R. Schumann - G. Heine: And roses, and lilies: Op. 42 No. 3; [all works] L. Lipkovskaya, soprano; Accompaniment: M. Dulov, piano; Orchestra Gramophone Compane Ltd [10] .
Recognition
- Young Igor Severyanin first heard Lydia Lipkovskaya singing on the stage of the Mariinsky Theater, at the very beginning of her creative journey. Presumably in 1909 they met. Later, the poet visited Lipkovskaya as a guest, and she took part in poetry evenings of Northerner [K 4] . The paths of the artist and the poet more than once crossed paths of the tours of the 1920s and 1930s.
<...> We go back to Marshalkovskaya That the sun is hot, Go for an hour to Lipkovskaya: She is already sick for two days. We are in overdressed hotel, Where in the corridors of the half. Snow Maiden is in bed And only grows fat from the heat ... Face of the heroine Ofenbach Smiling at us in furs And I sit on the pouf with a swing, Standing at her feet. And fascinated by the story close About palm trees, the sea and the village, I admire the heat of the Australian In her toy face.
Northerner devoted a number of his works to Lipkovsky: “Sonnet” (“We met her in the opera ...”) (1909), “You, my beauty!” (With the dedication: “Ariadnina mommy”) (1910), sonnet “Lydia Lipkovskaya” (1924). The name of the singer is also mentioned in “The Poem of Besoemia” (1915) - “And the Lipkowska snowing with it”, and in the novel “The Fallen Rapid”, the lines from which Northerner confessed his love for operatic art:
<...> I worship music no less than Poetry, and one must wonder if the opera visit was the need of my necessary <...> Yes, there were star-bearing names there: Lydia Berlandi sang there, the Baronat, Guy with Pellingioni, and Arnoldson with Anselmi , Battistini, and Sobinov, and Figner, and Klementyev. Lipkovskaya was making a career there, and Monska flashed a meteor <...> Igor Severyanin , “The Flowy Rapids” (1920–1921) [11] |
In the novel in stanzas “Royal Leander” (1925), Northerner compared the singer's voice with the song of the lark “When, like a lark, my Lipkovskaya sings!” [11] .
- A.I. Kuprin in a poem dedicated to Lydia Lipkovskaya (“I remember the Mariinsky Theater”) wrote that in her voice there is “the song of the nightingale”, “the sun is a golden joy”.
- The talent of the singer was highly appreciated by N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Glazunov, E. Napravnik, J. Massenet, K. Stanislavsky, V. Meyerhold, V. Katchalov, A. Lunacharsky.
- 1916 — На выставке произведений искусства в Петрограде в пользу инвалидов-поляков экспонировался портрет «Артистка Императорских театров Л. Я. Липковская» (художник Н. К. Бодаревский).
- Поэтесса Любовь Юрьевна Зубова-Моор (1881—1970) сочинила стихотворение «Лидии Яковлевне Липковской» [12] .
- Одна из улиц в родном селе певицы названа в её честь ( укр. вул. Л. Липковської ).
- 2001 — Выпущена памятная почтовая марка «( рум. Lidia Lipkovski (1884—1958) — cântăreață de operă » в честь дня рождения певицы [13] .
- 2007 — В библиотеке села Бабин создана комната-музей Лидии Липковской [14] .
- 2009 — По инициативе Р. Ольшевской и В. И. Гетьмана, в честь 125-летия со дня рождения, в селе Бабин (Украина) открыт памятник Лидии Липковской [14] (скульптор И. М. Салевич). В этом же году в Молдове выпущен памятный почтовый штемпель « рум. Lidia Lipkovski — 125 ani de la naștere » [15] .
Почтовая марка Молдовы (2001)
Почтовый штемпель: Лидия Липковская — 125 лет со дня рождения (2009)
Notes
- Comments
- ↑ Липковская обладала поэтическими способностями, печаталась в периодических изданиях. Два её стихотворения «Если тихо вянут розы» и «Я люблю» были положены на музыку Чеснокова Александра Григорьевича. [one]
- ↑ Народный дом имени императора Николая II был открыт в декабре 1900 года. Организованный Попечительством о народной трезвости под председательством принца А. П. Ольденбургского, являлся вторым по величине из существовавших в начале XX века оперных театров Петербурга. На его сцене гастролировали известнейшие оперные певцы: Липковская, Собинов, Шаляпин, Бакланов, Мозжухин, Смирнов.
- ↑ Действительно последний концерт Липковской состоялся в 1954 году в Париже.
- ↑ Одно из совместных выступлений с Игорем Северяниным состоялось на литературно-музыкальном вечере 2 июня 1934 года в Бухаресте.
- Sources
- ↑ Масанов И. Ф. Словарь псевдонимов русских писателей. — М. : Изд-во Всемирной книжной палаты, 1960. — Т. 4. — С. 305.
- ↑ // Биржевые ведомости : газета. — С-Пб, 1904-01-04. — № 9156 .
- ↑ Иванова, 1996 , с. 258.
- ↑ Арабаджиу, 1977 , с. sixteen.
- ↑ // Вечерний Кишинёв : газета. — Кишинёв, 1968-05-31. — № 126 (962) .
- ↑ Арабаджиу, 1977 , с. 24
- ↑ Дом Лидии Липковски . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015.
- ↑ Русское зарубежье: Хроника научной, культурной и общественной жизни. 1940–1954. Франция / Под общ. ed. Л. А. Мнухина. — М. : Русский путь, 2000. — Т. 1. — С. 392.
- ↑ Фотография надгробия могилы Л. Я. Липковской . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015. (недоступная ссылка)
- ↑ Грюнберг П. Н., Янин В. Л. История начала грамзаписи в России. Каталог вокальных записей Российского отделения компании «Граммофон». — М. : Языки славянской культуры, 2002. — 650 с. — ISBN 5-94457-062-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 Северянин И. В. Полное собрание стихотворений. — М. : Эксмо, 2008. — 480 с. — (Всемирная Библиотека Поэзии). - 3000 copies — ISBN 978-5-699-31465-2 .
- ↑ Стихотворение Л. Ю. Зубовой-Моор «Лидии Яковлевне Липковской» (1927) . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015.
- ↑ Каталог: Марки и связанныe с ними материалы 2001 . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Комната-музей Лидии Липкивской (Липковской) . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015.
- ↑ Каталог: Специальное Гашение 2009 . Дата обращения 5 июня 2015.
Literature
- Macy, Laura Williams. The Grove Book of Opera Singers . — Oxford University Press, 2008. — С. 284. — ISBN 9780195337655 .
- Агин М. С. Липковская Лидия Яковлевна // Вокально-энциклопедический словарь. (Биобиблиография): В 5 т.. — М, 1992. — Т. 3 . — С. 173—175 . (inaccessible link)
- Арабаджиу Р. Очарованная песней : Страницы жизни и творчества Л. Я. Липковской. — К. : Лит. артистикэ, 1977. — 196 с.
- Арабаджиу Р. Судьба примадонны : воспоминания и документы о жизни и творчестве Л. Я. Липковской. — К. : Лит. артистикэ, 1989. — 236 с.
- Иванова Л. Н. Игорь Северянин. Письма к С. И. Карузо (1931—1940) // Ежегодник Рукописного отдела Пушкинского дома на 1992 год : журнал. — С-Пб., 1996. — С. 256—279 . — ISSN 5-7331--0075-3 .
- Котляров Б.Я. Из истории музыкальных связей Молдавии, Украины, России : журнал. — К, 1996. — С. 88—92 .
- Липковская Л. Я. [Отрывки из автобиографии] // Наши артисты : сборник. — СПб, 1909. — № вып. 1 . — С. 5—6 .
- Momotyuk V.P. Singer from Bessarabia // Panteleimon the Healer: Newspaper. - Vyshgorod, 2013. - № 12 (409) . Archived March 5, 2016.
- Domestic singers. 1750–1917: Dictionary / Pruzhansky A.M. - Ed. 2nd rev. and add. - M. , 2008.
- Solovyov T. Bessarabian Nightingale // Chisinau observer: newspaper. - Chisinau, 2010.