Power distribution

Electric energy distribution is the final stage of electricity transmission from a generator to a consumer. Primary distribution substations connected to power lines convert the high-voltage voltage to an average level (from 2 to 35 kV) and transfer it to secondary substations to further lower it to the level required by the consumer (in Russia - 380 V three-phase current).

Distribution networks are divided into two types: closed and open. Closed networks have an advantage over open networks because they allow the transmission of electricity when a single switchgear fails, but they require more complex protection systems. The use of closed systems is justified at the high cost of power outages.