Parmapteridae (lat.) Is a family of extinct insects from the order Cnemidolestodea that lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods ( 323.2–272.3 million years ago) in the territory of modern China , Russia and the USA [1] .
| † Parmapteridae |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Subtype : | Tracheo-breathing |
| Infraclass : | Winged insects |
| Squadron : | † Archaeorthoptera |
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| International scientific name |
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Parmapteridae
Aristov & Rasnitsyn, 2015 |
Geochronology323.2—272.3 Ma | million years | Period | Era | Aeon |
|---|
| 2,588 | Even | | | Ka | F
but
n
e
R
about
s
about
th | | 23.03 | Neogene | | 66.0 | Paleogen | | 145.5 | a piece of chalk | M
e
s
about
s
about
th | | 199.6 | Yura | | 251 | Triassic | | 299 | Permian | P
but
l
e
about
s
about
th | | 359.2 | Carbon | | 416 | Devonian | | 443.7 | Silur | | 488.3 | Ordovician | | 542 | Cambrian | | 4570 | Precambrian |
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Mass Permian Extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion |
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Small and medium sized winged insects. The head is small with big eyes. Pronotum without parotid. Hips of forelegs long, with longitudinal row of spikes. Front wing without precostal margin. Vein SC is connected to R. Among other Cnemidolestodea, the family Parmapteridae is unique by the presence of vein M5, which flows into CuA after branching: in all other members of the order, vein M5 enters CuA before it branches. On the other hand, the family is most similar to Spanioderidae in the presence of SC flowing into R, and in combination with M branching in the middle of the wing. Parmapteridae differ from most Cnemidolestodea in the short and wide intervein space between the veins. In contrast, in most Spanioderidae, these spaces are long and narrow in the basal part. The family was first described by fingerprints in 2015 by Russian paleoentomologists Daniil Aristov and Alexander Rasnitsyn ( Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia ). Among sister taxa: Necrophasmidae , Pinideliidae , Protembiidae [2] [3] . In 2016, it was included in the suborder Parmapterina [4] .
The family includes 2 extinct genera [1] :
- Genus Heterologus Carpenter, 1943
- Heterologus duyiwuer Béthoux et al. , 2012 (Xiaheyan, Zhongwei, China ) [5]
- Heterologus langfordorum Carpenter, 1943 (Mazon Creek, Illinois , USA ) [6]
- Genus Parmaptera Aristov & Rasnitsyn, 2015
- Parmaptera permiana Aristov & Rasnitsyn, 2015 ( Chekarda , Perm Territory , Russia )