enda inter-arabe [1] - a member of the group operating in Tunisia, an international public organization , the country's first and largest player in the microcredit market [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] .
| enda inter-arabe | |
|---|---|
| Established | 1990 |
| Type of | International public organization |
| CEO | Essma Ben Hamida |
| Site | endarabe.org.tn |
The organization declares its desire to solve the problems of marginalized people, especially among women and youth, by providing microloans, in particular for the implementation of initiatives in the field of micro-entrepreneurship [2] [3] [6] .
Content
Organization
The enda inter-arabe international public organization was founded in Tunisia in 1990 by the spouses Essma Ben Hamida and Michel Cracknell [2] [3] [6] .
The organization is part of the group, established in 1972, with headquarters in Dakar ( Senegal ) [2] [6] . Since November 2011, it has received full legal and operational autonomy [6] .
enda inter-arabe acts in accordance with Law No. 93-80 of July 23, 1993, according to which international public organizations can be created and operate in Tunisia [2] .
Since its inception and for 2015, Essma Ben Hamida has been managing the organization (CEO), Michelle Cracknell is its secretary general [2] .
Throughout the activity, the organization received funding from external international organizations. In particular, microfinance activity was supported, including by funding from the International Finance Corporation [4] .
Activities
Initially, enda inter-arabe pursued environmental goals. For example, she was involved in the development of Ishköl National Park (funded by the European Union ), combating desertification ( ) and activities in the field of medicinal plants ( ). In addition, in the early years, enda inter-arabe held several international conferences in Tunisia on topics similar to those raised by the UN.
By 1993, enda inter-arabe , with EU funding, had focused on social issues , in particular poverty, vocational training, women's health, etc.
By 1995, enda inter-arabe gradually began to engage in microcredit, which, according to its management, was supposed to solve social problems in a systematic way, and the organization should provide financial independence [2] [6] . Since the 2000s, this activity has become almost exclusive for the organization [6] . In July 2005, in addition to its international status, the Central Bank of Tunisia granted enda inter-arabe resident status, which made it possible to obtain loans from Tunisian banks.
To international public organizations, which is enda inter-arabe , is largely different from the national legislation [2] . In particular, microcredit in Tunisia is largely monopolized and regulated (from bureaucratic obstacles to registration, to the order and size of loans issued and marginal interest rates on them) [2] . Therefore, the microcredit market in Tunisia is almost empty [2] . However, the status of an international public organization actually allows enda inter-arabe to give out any amounts, under any conditions and at any rates, being outside the national legal field in this area [2] . This trick allowed the organization to become a leader in the microcredit market in the country [2] .
enda inter-arabe provides both “group loans” traditional for microenterprises (loans to several persons under subsidiary liability) and individual loans guaranteed by a third party, or even investment loans for projects for reputable borrowers [2] .
In addition to traditional loans for business development and seasonal loans (crop cycle), the organization gives emergency loans (flood, fire, illness, etc.) [2] .
A typical loan amount is from 120 to 4,000 US dollars [2] . Moreover, the receipt of more is associated with the bona fide repayment of the previous (in fact, internal credit rating) [2] .
Performance Indicators
By 2003, enda inter-arabe had achieved payback and financial stability.
At the end of September 2012, enda inter-arabe managed a loan portfolio of $ 79.981 million, discussing 209,006 customers through a network of 67 offices [6] .
Ratings
Since 2006, the independent rating agency Planet Rating has assigned enda inter-arabe a financial rating of B + with a positive outlook [7] .
Since 2008, the independent rating agency of microcredit organizations MicroRate assigns enda inter-arabe the highest existing financial rating “a-” and the highest in the field of social activity [8] [6] .
In 2010, Essma Hamida was recognized by the Swab Foundation as the social entrepreneur of the year [3] .
Notes
- ↑ In the original publications, the name of the organization is written in small letters for all words. In other publications, in addition to the original, capitalization is used to capitalize the first or all words (Enda inter-arabe, Enda Inter-Arabe). Sometimes in the first word all letters are written in capital letters (ENDA inter-arabe, ENDA Inter-Arabe). There is also a reduction - ENDA IA. In a recognizable context, an organization is sometimes called by the first word, similar to the name of the group (enda).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 José R. Pin, Angela Gallifa, Lourdes Susaeta MICROCREDIT IN TUNISIA: ENDA INTER-ARABE (English) . IESE Business School / CELA / University of Navarra (January 2008). Date of treatment June 9, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Essma Hamida . Schwab Foundation (2010). Date of treatment June 9, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Leonard, Matt. Microfinance: helping ENDA inter-Arabe stay ahead of the curve (English ) . World Bank / International Finance Corporation (October 1, 2013). Date of treatment June 9, 2015. ( pdf ).
- ↑ David Fick. Africa: Continent of Economic Opportunity . - Real African Publishers, 2007 .-- S. 484-485. - 520 s. - ISBN 1919855475 , 9781919855479.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ENDA IA (French) . MicroRate (novembre 2012). Date of treatment June 9, 2015.
- ↑ Microfinance Institutional Rating Smart GIRAFE (inaccessible link) . Planet rating. Date of treatment June 9, 2015. Archived June 15, 2015.
- ↑ Microfinance Institutional Rating (inaccessible link) . MicroRate Date of treatment June 9, 2015. Archived September 22, 2015.
Links
- Official website: endarabe.org.tn .
- Facebook: endaarabe (inaccessible link) .
- Interview: