The Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida ( port. Igreja de Santa Martir Zenaide ) is the temple of the Argentine and South American Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church , located in Rio de Janeiro .
Sight | |
Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida | |
---|---|
Igreja de santa martir zenaide | |
A country | Brazil |
Location | Rio de Janeiro |
Denomination | orthodoxy |
Diocese | Argentine and South American |
Blessing | Brazilian |
Building type | Cross-domed temple |
Architectural style | Pskov |
Project author | Konstantin Trofimov |
Building | 1935 - 1937 |
Site | riorussa.cerkov.ru |
The Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida is recognized as an object of artistic value [1] .
History
On July 18 (30), 1811, according to the decree of the Russian Emperor Alexander I , the Consulate General of the Russian Empire in the then capital of the Portuguese Empire was opened in Rio de Janeiro . With many Russian missions abroad, Orthodox parishes existed. The construction of an Orthodox church at the diplomatic mission in honor of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Mirlikiya [2] was started with the funds of Emperor Nicholas II .
By the end of 1917, construction was completed, but after the October Revolution the Embassy ceased to exist, and the authorities of Rio de Janeiro handed over the Nikolsky Church of the Antioch Orthodox Church [2] .
On July 21, 1921, the first batch of 650 Russian refugees from the Turkish camps of Gallipoli , Lemnos, and Constantinople arrived in Rio de Janeiro on the French steamer Aquitaine. On August 2, a second echelon of 750 Russians arrived on the Provence steamer, of which 400 remained in Brazil [2] . At that time, Rio de Janeiro was the capital and the largest city of Brazil [3] . Most of them were former officers, without any means of livelihood, without knowing Portuguese , without any kind of organized help from the government. About a third remained in Rio de Janeiro. The rest are scattered in other states [4] .
After that, the Russian emigrants organized a community of St. George the Victorious, but more than ten years, due to the absence of the Russian clergy and their own suitable premises for common prayers and meetings, were forced to be parishioners of the St. Nicholas Church [2] .
On March 4, 1930, the community sent a letter to Paris to the head of the Russian Orthodox parishes in Western Europe, Metropolitan Evlogiy (Georgievsky) , asking him to send Hieromonk Mihai (Ordintsev), who was at that time in Peru. In a letter dated March 28 of the same year, “Metropolitan Eulogius ordered to convey to you that he agreed to move Hieromonk Micah: to Brazil, of which the latter is informed” [4] .
On April 28, 1933, at the organizational meeting of the Board of the parish of St. George N. M. Schelkunov, he proposed to build his own church. He was also commissioned to develop the statute of the parish [5] .
In 1934, the Russian Orthodox community was registered by the authorities as a legal entity , which gave the parish the opportunity to buy on installments a plot of land in the area to build its own church on it. The choice fell on the area of Santa Teresa , because all the tram lines of the city converged here, and a significant part of the Russian émigrés of the city lived in or near the area [5] . To raise funds, the Russian community of Santa Teresa organized concerts, balls, theater evenings and performances [5] .
The project in the style of the Pskov temples of the end of the XIII - beginning of the XIV century and the construction plans were developed by the engineer Konstantin Trofimov , who successfully combined technical knowledge with the title of an archaeologist and connoisseur of the church architecture of Ancient Russia [5] .
On August 11, 1935, Archbishop Feodosy (Samoilovich) of São Paulo and Brazilian and Metropolitan of Tiro Sidon Elijah (Dib) temporarily in Brazil, made the solemn laying of the future church. After this, construction began [5] .
The construction was supervised by the architect Gleb Sakharov. By the time the main building was erected, the spouse had died, and he contributed a very large sum to the construction fund, with the condition that the church be consecrated in honor of the heavenly patron of his spouse, the martyress Zinaida [5] . This great event for Rio de Janeiro at that time was noted in local newspapers [4] .
Practically all Russian families living at that time in Rio de Janeiro donated money for construction or personally participated in the construction in their free time [5] . To reduce costs, many Russians every day, after work, came to work on the building. They dedicated to this business and the end of the week, as well as their holidays [4] .
On August 29, 1937, at a large gathering of worshipers, Archbishop Theodosius consecrated the temple and its throne in honor of the holy martyress Zinaida [5] .
At the end of construction a fairly strong and numerous parish was formed. The first abbot of the Temple of the Holy Martyr Zinaida built was priest George Gordov, a lawyer by education, who served as the city head of one of the small towns of Crimea before the revolution. In 1939, Konstantin Trofimov, the architect of the church , became head of the parish until 1950 [5] .
From 1947 to 1955, numerous Russian emigrants from post-war Europe entered the Russian Orthodox community of Rio-Janeiro. Then, an even greater number of Russian people arrived from China , where until the end of the 1940s the church life of the Russians was very rich [5] .
The heyday of the church life of the temple and the community falls in the years 1950-1963. The choir, directed by long-time regent Boris Kirillov, who arrived with his family from Harbin , counted up to 25 people at the best of times. The choir, in addition to accompanying church services, gave secular concerts in the city and in the Ministry of Culture [5] .
From 1956 to 1959, the rector of the church was priest Nikolai Paderin , also a native of Harbin. At his headquarters, at the expense of the community, technical work was carried out to strengthen the land on the plot and to reconstruct the buildings located on it. A significant amount for this was donated by the worshiper of the temple, Alexander Sinkovsky [5] .
In 1964, the parish had a conflict with the head of the parishioners. The church council existing at that time, the choir and half of the parishioners left the parish and went to the Pokrovsky temple of the city of Niteroi . A long trial was initiated [2] .
In 1968, the priest Vasily Pavlovsky by the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad for refusing to execute the orders of his hierarchy was banned in the priesthood, and in 1969 he was deprived of holy priesthood. He did not obey these decisions [2] and in the same year he passed to the jurisdiction of the North American Metropolis (from 1970 - the Orthodox Church in America).
In 1973, the parish returned to the bosom of the Russian Church Abroad. To restore the empty church treasury, the group of ladies united into an independent circle and, under the direction of Lidia Petrovna Salatko, arranged two large evenings. The net fee went to the maintenance of the parish and was so great that it gave the parish the opportunity to survive for almost three years [4] .
In 1976, the Orthodox Church in America again took over the parish [6] .
In October 1978, the head of the OCA, Metropolitan Theodosius (Lazor) , visited the temple. During the divine service, priest Vasily Pavlovsky was elevated to the rank of archpriest . The temple was repeatedly visited by Archpriest Kirill Fotiyev, a well-known church and public figure of the Russian diaspora [5] . Gradually the parish "faded away" [4] .
The arrival in November 1997 of the Orthodox group of the Moscow Patriarchate played a certain role in the subsequent life of the parish. According to the memoirs of the nun Joanna: “There was no choir, Fr. Vasily turned on the tape recorder - that’s the whole chorus. The service is just a few people. Father Vasily interesting: <...> served without a podriznik and with two crosses (“silver” and “gold, childishly believing that both should be worn), struck out some words that he thought the Bolsheviks wrote there, for example, “The Terrible”, “With Fear” (proceed with God's word): “What fear can there be?” he was perplexed, but he was a father who was deeply religious and sincere. ” For the first time in many years, parishioners heard live singing (many of them still remembered the famous parish choir). This prompted the transition to the Moscow Patriarchate [7] .
In the last years of his life, Archpriest Vasily Pavlovsky appealed to the OCA Synod with a request to release him from the duties of the abbot of the temple and send a new abbot to Rio de Janeiro, but the living conditions of the priest were very constrained, and there were no people willing to come to such a parish. At the same time, in agreement with the Synod of the OCA, Archpriest Vasily established contact with the hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, the archbishop of Argentine and South American Plato (Udovenko) [5] .
After the death of Archpriest Vasily Pavlovsky in 1998, divine services were held once a month by the visiting archpriest Anatoly Topal [4] , the rector of the Church of St. Sergius in Porto Alegre [5] .
From January 20 to 28, 1999, the Deputy Chairman of the DECR, Archimandrite Feofan (Ashurkov) , visited the parish. During the visit, Archimandrite Theophanes performed the Divine Liturgy in the Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida: “To my surprise, a large number of believers gathered in the temple, about 200 people. The choir of old worshipers sang beautifully. In recent years, church services have been rarely performed. Due to the lack of a priest, there was no service for the feast of the Baptism of the Lord , so after the Divine Liturgy, I performed a water-holy prayer service. Then a parish meeting was held, at which the parishioners of the church confirmed their decision to go under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, which was officially formalized ” [8] .
On February 16 of the same year, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church decided to accept the parish of the holy martyress Zinaida in Rio de Janeiro under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church [9] .
On October 5, 1999, by the decision of the Holy Synod, hegumen Sergiy (Zyatkov) was appointed rector of Saint Zinaida [10] .
On January 27, 2000, the Brazilian Ministry of Justice registered a new Parish Charter, adopted by the general congregation meeting. On February 10 of the same year, the charter was registered by the notary office of Rio de Janeiro [5] .
Because of the hot climate, hegumen Sergius could not stay in Rio de Janeiro for a long time [3] .
On October 6, 2001, the hegumen Sergiy was dismissed from the post of priest by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, and priest Pavel Feoktistov was appointed new priest of the church [11] ; October 30, Abbot Sergius departed for Moscow [12] .
In October 2002, the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the temple took place. On October 24, on the day of the memory of the holy martyr Zinaida, the archbishop of Argentine and South American Plato (Udovenko) accompanied by archpriest Anatoly Topal arrived on the feast. So that everyone could take part in the celebrations, the celebration of the jubilee and episcopal worship were postponed for the weekend of October 26 and 27 [13] .
In December 2003, the Moscow Patriarchate began the first overhaul in the history of the temple, during which the throne and walls of the iconostasis were trimmed with white marble combined with blue granite mined in the state of Bahia and a special oak species grown in Brazil. Through donations, temple icons were restored [5] .
On February 19, 2006, Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad and Metropolitan Platon of Argentina and South America, in co-service with the clergy of Brazilian decency, performed the rite of Great Consecration of the Temple [5] . At the same time, the temple received a new antimins , donated by the Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II; The relics of the holy martyr Sergius of Rakvere were laid in this antimins [6] . The former was signed 34 years earlier by Metropolitan Iriney (Bekish) [3] .
On the night of May 13, 2006, a group of hooligans disfigured the entrance to the territory of the temple, drawing its graffiti and damaging the outer fence [14] .
In May 2007, all the clergy of the ROCOR in Brazil did not adopt the Act of canonical communication between the ROCOR and the Moscow Patriarchate, after which some parishioners of the Russian church in Niteroi, located near Rio de Janeiro, did not wish to share the split position of their prior, members of the parish in the name of the holy martyr Zinaida [5] .
On 25 and 26 October 2008 in Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest cities in Brazil, the Days of Russia were held, during which the church was visited by the Bishop of Domodedovo Eutykhii (Kurochkin) , the Metropolitan of Argentina and South America Plato (Udovenko) , the Metropolitan of Eastern America and New York Hilarion (Corporal) , Archbishop of Khust and Vinogradovsky Mark (Petrovtsy) , Archbishop of Ryazan and Kasimov Pavel (Ponomarev) , Bishop of Caracas Ioann (Berzin) . On October 26, they celebrated Divine Liturgy near the statue of Christ the Savior on Mount Corcovado . [15] .
On July 12, 2009, a parish library was opened at the Temple of the Holy Martyr Zinaida. The foundation was formed by a meeting with some of the elderly parishioners who, in an interview, admitted that their children are not interested in books in Russian and that they are likely to part with Russian books after their parents left. It was decided to arrange a collection of books of the Russian colony. Themes of the library fund are iconography, classical Russian literature, children's literature, modern Russian literature, historical literature, periodicals [5] .
On January 13, 2011, clerics of the Moscow Patriarchate serving in Brazil, for the second time in history, celebrated Divine Liturgy on Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro, on which the statue of Christ the Savior is installed [16] .
On February 26, 2011, in the parish of the Holy Martyr Zinaida, the participants of the “Orthodox Youth Movement of Rio de Janeiro” held a round table on the theme “Carnival - a defiled holiday” [17] .
On the eve of Easter 2011, the restoration of five bells that had been silent for two decades was successfully completed. On April 24, during the Easter Matins on the Procession around the Temple, the bell ringing again sounded [5] .
On February 23, 2014, the presentation of the book “Russian Orthodox Church in Rio de Janeiro” was held in the Zinaida Martyr Church in Rio de Janeiro. It was noted that "today the church has a small but very friendly parish: among the parishioners, more and more Brazilians are families, young people" [18] . Brazilian parishioners sing in the choir, help with the translation of the chants from Slavonic to Portuguese, participate in all services, and the Brazilian also rings the bell [19] .
On July 25, 2014, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, Archpriest Vasily Gelevan was relieved of the post of abbot of the Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida in Rio de Janeiro due to the end of the term of the mission. Instead, the priest Sergius Malashkin was sent to the bishop of Leonid of Argentina and South America to be appointed abbot of the Church of the Holy Martyr Zinaida [20] .
On November 23, 2014, the first Divine Liturgy was served in the chapel of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, arranged for an Orthodox mission of the same name. Upon its completion, the constituent assembly passed under the chairmanship of Archpriest Anatoly Topal. Deacon Roman Coonen was elected chairman of the mission, secretary - Deacon Markell Paiva [21] .
Abbots
- The congregation of the Holy Great Martyr and George the Victorious in jurisdiction of Metropolitan Evlogy (Georgievsky) (Patriarchate of Constantinople)
- Hegumen Micah (Ordyntsov-Kostritsky) (1930-1932)
- hieromonk Hilarion (1932—1937)
- in the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
- 1937-1939 - priest George Gordov
- 1939–1950 - priest Konstantin Trofimov
- 1950—1956 - Archpriest John Nagovsky
- 1956-1959 - the priest Nikolai Paderin
- 1959-1963 - Hegumen Valentin (Bogdanov)
- 1963—1973 - priest Vasily Pavlovsky
- 1973-1974 - priest Sergius Listov
- 1974-1975 - the priest Vitaly Glagolev
- 1975-1976 - Archimandrite Valentin (Bogdanov)
- in the jurisdiction of the OCA
- 1976-1998 - Archpriest Vasily Pavlovsky
- 1998-1999 - Archpriest Anatoly Topala (Moscow Patriarchate)
- Russian Orthodox Church
- Archpriest Anatoly Topala (February 16 - October 1999)
- Hegumen Sergiy (Zyatkov) (October 5, 1999 - October 6, 2001)
- Priest Pavel Feoktistov (January 6, 2001 - December 26, 2006)
- the priest Vasily Gelevan (December 26, 2006 - July 25, 2014)
- Priest Sergiy Malashkin (since July 25, 2014)
Notes
- ↑ Priest Vladimir Golubtsov. Russian Orthodox diaspora in the second half of the XX century
- 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tsemepyukamne Ynmäskäjärbn Pniayahiyayni Tedepyuzhkh B Pnn De Fumeypn Neopr (Not available link) . The appeal date is June 7, 2015. Archived June 7, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Priest Pavel Feoktistov, rector of the church of Sts. mts Zinaida in Rio de Janeiro: Even in Brazil, you can touch the history of Russia. - WORLD OF ORTHODOXY - Brazil
- 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 selin.tripod.com/DiZ1-224-4.htm A. B. Kirillov 65 - THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN TEMPLE IN RIO DE JANEIRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 2002
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 History of the Russian Church of the Martyr Zinaida in Rio de Janeiro Archival copy from June 7, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the official website of the temple
- ↑ 1 2 "Russian and Brazilian peoples have a strong religious feeling” (print version) / Orthodoxy.Ru
- ↑ Rio, my Rio , nun John's blog
- ↑ Russian line / News / ARCHEMANDRIT FEOFAN VISITS BRAZIL
- ↑ Sacred Synod meeting: Russian Orthodox Church
- Session of the Holy Synod October 5 - 6, 1999: Russian Orthodox Church. Archived May 18, 2015.
- ↑ A meeting of the Holy Synod took place: the Russian Orthodox Church.
- ↑ CHURCH NEWS FROM SOUTH AMERICA
- ↑ BRAZIL. Russian Orthodox Church in the name of the Holy Martyr Zinaida in Rio de Janeiro is 65 years old: Russian Orthodox Church
- ↑ The only Orthodox church in Rio de Janeiro was attacked by vandals / News / Patriarchy.ru
- Д The Days of Russia ended in Rio de Janeiro: Russian Orthodox Church (Not available link) . The appeal date is June 7, 2015. Archived December 4, 2014.
- ↑ Paróquia Santa Zenáide - News of the life of our community (Inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is June 8, 2015. Archived February 10, 2013.
- ↑ Youth and Carnival Archival copy of February 10, 2013 on Wayback Machine , the official website of the temple, March 2, 2011
- ↑ http: //is-uzamerika.rf/news/reviews of the past-the presentation of the book-you-rakhre-svyatyu-zinaida.html
- ↑ Bells of Saint Zinaida Free, Exhibitions February 13, 2014 - Poster - KulturMultur
- ↑ JOURNALS of the meeting of the Holy Synod of July 25, 2014 / Official documents / Patriarchy.ru
- ↑ http: //is-uzamerika.rf/news/vizit-vrio.html