The military-political operations of the Guard Lyudovoy is one of the types of military operations of the Guard Lyudovoy.
History
In the autumn of 1942, in connection with the tightening of the occupation regime in the “ Governor-General ”, the CPD leadership decided to intensify the armed struggle and conduct military-political response operations against the German occupiers and their accomplices [1] .
The military-political operations had the following objectives:
- military [1]
- the destruction and disabling of the occupiers and their accomplices, accompanied by material damage and temporary disruption of the activities of the occupation institutions
- GL combat group personnel gained practical experience in planning and conducting combat operations;
- operations provided the underground GL cells with the opportunity to strengthen at the expense of captured enemy weapons and equipment captured from the enemy
- political [1]
- the operations were aimed at increasing the fame of the Guardian People, and also to inspire the population of the country and to show that the development of active armed struggle under occupation conditions is possible and expedient not only in rural areas, but also in large cities
The list of political-military operations of the Guard Human
- October 24, 1942 (Warsaw) [2] - the decision to conduct the operation was made after the October 16, 1942, on five gallows in different parts of Warsaw, 50 prisoners of Paviak prison (Polish patriots, 37 of whom were members of the Communist Party) were publicly hanged by the Germans [ 3] . The operation was assigned to a special group of the General Staff GL [4] .
- a group of three people, commanded by Roman Bogutsky [5] , attacked the “Café Club” for German officers at the intersection of the Jerusalem alleys and Novy Novaya street is holy [6] . Here 4 Nazis were killed and 10 wounded. [7]
- a group commanded by Jan Strzheshevsky (“Victor”) attacked the restaurant “Mitrop” in the main station building [6] , 6 Nazis were killed and 14 wounded
- a group commanded by Mechislav Fersht (“Mlot”) attacked the editorial office of the newspaper “ Nowy Kurier Warszawski ”, which was published by the occupation authorities, and the rotary machines were damaged by an explosion [6]
- November 22, 1942 (Radom) - grenades were thrown into the Apollo cinema, 7 [8] were killed and 19 more Nazis were wounded [9]
- November 30, 1942 (Warsaw) - raid on the metropolitan branch of the Savings Bank ( Komunalną Kasę Oszczędności ) at the intersection of Chatsky and Traugutta streets, in which 19 fighters of the GL participated. The general management of the operation was carried out by Franciszek Juzvyak , the operation took 20 minutes. Money stolen (PLN 1,052,433), collected by the occupying authorities from Warsaw as a contribution, was stolen [10]
- December 22, 1942 (Krakow) - “Christmas action” in Krakow. The plan of the operation provided for the simultaneous attack of three objects in which celebrations for the Germans were held (the Cyganeria cafe, the Bizank restaurant and the Scala cinema). In practice, the two groups managed to accomplish the task - grenades were thrown into the cafe “Cyganerie” (the Jewish militant group Iskra, commanded by Idek Libera, acted here) and the restaurant Bizaz. At the same time, in the center of the city, underground workers laid bouquets of red roses on the pedestals of the monuments destroyed by the Germans to Adam Mickiewicz in the Main Market, Vladislav Yagello in the square to them. Matei and Tadeusz Kosciuszko on Wawel (on ribbons tying up bouquets it was written “What you swore, we will do it”), and on Batory street we hang a national white-red flag [11]
- January 17, 1943 (Warsaw) - in response to the mass raids launched by the Germans, GL battle groups attacked the German cinemas Apollo, Helgoland and Kammerlichtspieltheater , and also attacked the Main Station for the second time [12] . Although the tasks were not completely fulfilled (the charge did not work at the Helgoland cinema) [8] , as a result of the operation the Germans were forced to stop the raids [13]
- February 28, 1943 (Warsaw) - raid on the building of the print yard ( Państwową Wytwórnię Papierów Wartościowych ), in which fighters of a special group of the main command of the GL participated (Jan Strzeszewski, Franciszek Bartosek and Edward Bonislavsky). As a result of the operation, 2 guards were killed and their weapons were captured.
- In April 1943, a militant group attacked with “Deutsches Haus” grenades at a time when a meeting of functionaries of the occupying administration was taking place in it [8]
- July 11, 1943 (Warsaw) - a special group GL- ZWM , commanded by Miroslav Krajewski ("Petrek") [14] threw grenades into the capital cafe-club "Café Club" for German officers [13] , and also shelled the tram "O" with German soldiers in the square at the Iron Gate [8]
- July 15, 1943 - in the center of Warsaw, on the Ujazdovski alleys, the battle group threw hand grenades at the SA attack aircraft [13] , 30 Nazis were killed and wounded
- October 23, 1943 (Warsaw) - attack on the capital restaurant-cabaret "Bar Podlaski" (" Bar Podlaski "), located at ul. Novogrodskaya, 15 (at the corner of Kruchey Street and Novogrodskaya Street) and intended "only for SS members and police officers". The attack plan was approved by Major Boleslav Kowalski. At 19 o'clock in the evening, a bomb was thrown at the premises, after which the battle group opened fire on the external protection of the establishment. As a result of the operation, an explosion killed 16 policemen and 32 police officers and SS soldiers, and in the outbreak of the shooting with an external guard, one SS officer, one police officer and one Gestapo agent were shot dead [15]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 F. G. Zuev. Polish people in the fight against fascism. M., "Science", 1967. p.280
- ↑ The History of the Second World War 1939–1945 (in 12 volumes) / redcoll., Ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. Volume 4. M., Voenizdat, 1975. p. 433
- ↑ Zenon Klishko. Warsaw Uprising. Articles, speeches, memories, documents. M., Politizdat, 1969. p.23
- ↑ J. Klechta. Z walk GL i AL w Warszawie 1942 - 1944. Warszawa, 1968. str. 26-37
- ↑ Roman Bogucki - “Suchy” // Zgineli w walce: sylwetki bojownikow AL i GL / red. I. Nowakowska (przedmova W. Machejka). Warszawa, Ksiaska i Wiedza, 1957. str.169-183
- ↑ 1 2 3 Polish Labor Movement during the war and the Nazi occupation (September 1939 - January 1945) / M. Malinowski, E. Pavlovich, V. Poteransky, A. Przegonsky, M. Vilyush. M., Politizdat, 1968. p.207-208
- ↑ Bogdan Cheshko. The attack on the "Cafe Club" // January offensive: Polish writers about the events of World War II 1939-1945 / Sat, comp. Vl. Buric. M., "Young Guard", 1985. p. 120-127
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Waldemar Tuszyński. Ruch oporu w Polsce 1939-1943. Warszawa, Krajowa Agencja Wydawn. RSW Prasa - Ksia̜żka - Ruch, 1985. str.55
- Polish Labor Movement during the war and the Nazi occupation (September 1939 - January 1945) / M. Malinovsky, E. Pavlovich, V. Potransky, A. Przegonsky, M. Vilyush. M., Politizdat, 1968. p. 209
- ↑ Yan Krasitsky // Documents of fortitude and heroism. M., Politizdat, 1986. pp. 96-99
- ↑ Yuzef Zayonts. There were battles. M., Voenizdat, 1968. pp.28-30
- ↑ The History of the Second World War 1939–1945 (in 12 volumes) / redcoll., Ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. Volume 6. M., Voenizdat, 1976. p. 314
- ↑ 1 2 3 History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, 1941-1945 (in six volumes). / resp. ed. P. N. Pospelov. volume 3. M., Voenizdat, 1961. p. 522
- Polish Labor Movement during the war and the Nazi occupation (September 1939 - January 1945) / M. Malinovsky, E. Pavlovich, V. Potransky, A. Przegonsky, M. Vilyush. M., Politizdat, 1968. p. 294
- ↑ Edwin Rozlubirsky. We are avenging for Pawyak // Brothers in arms. per. from polish / status V. A. Khorev, M. V. Ignatov. M., "Progress", 1988. pp.92-99