1st Uhlan Regiment , full name 1st Imperial and Royal Galician Uhlan Regiment named after the Knight von Brudermann ( German Kuk Galizisches Ulanen-Regiment "Ritter von Brudermann" Nr. 1 ) - Cavalry Regiment of the Imperial and Royal Lancers of Austria-Hungary.
| 1st Galician Uhlan Regiment named after the Knight von Brudermann | |
|---|---|
 Ulan of the 1st Galician regiment in the 1830s | |
| Years of existence | 1791 - 1918 |
| A country |  Austrian Empire  Austria-Hungary |
| Subordination | Imperial and royal Lancers |
| Included in | 21st Cavalry Brigade 4th Cavalry Brigade 11th Army Corps |
| Type of | cavalry ( ulans ) |
| Includes | two (previously five) divisions |
| Dislocation | see below |
| Patron | Rudolph von Brudermann |
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History
Education
The regiment was created in 1791 by order of Emperor Leopold I on the basis of cavalry units created by Joseph II on October 21, 1784 [1] . The name of the regiment repeatedly changed depending on its patron. Volunteers in the Uhlan regiment were recruited mainly from Galicia, but infantry regiments from the infantry regiments also moved there: the 56th (Wadowice), the 20th (Neu-Sandez), the 13th (Krakow).
Second Coalition War
The regiment spent the first battles in Italy in 1794 against the French. In 1795, the regiment distinguished itself at Savona and San Giacomo, for which Captain Brokhovsky was awarded the Order of Maria Theresa. The regiment also fought at Voltri and Loano. Six squadrons in 1796 fought at Voltri, Milessimo, Codogno and Lodi. For these fights, Captain von Domokos was promoted to lieutenant colonel and awarded the Order of Maria Theresa. In early August 1796, two squadrons went to Davidivich’s corps, the rest remained in the main forces. The last battles of the regiment led near Kalyano, Bassano, Castellaro and La Favorita, and also defended Mantua. The 2nd division fought under Caldiero, Arcole and Rivoli.
In 1797, after the surrender of Mantua, six squadrons returned to Austria. The 2nd Division served in Carinthia without participating in battles. After the armistice, squadrons entered Dalmatia. In 1799, the regiment arrived in Germany, where it fought under Ostrakh, and later moved to the Central Rhine Corps of Starai, where it carried garrison service. Defended the position on Kael. In 1800, he fought against the French near Mezkirch, Bieberach, Schwabmünchen, Neresheim and Odelzhausenom. In June, Lieutenant Colonel Wallmoden went with a regiment to the valley of the Murg and Kinzig rivers. In the fall, the regiment was stationed in Regensburg and, under the command of Captain Karl Wilhelm von Scheibler, committed sabotage against the French (he fought in Ettingen in Bavaria against the French cuirassiers).
In 1801, part of the 1st Lancers was included in the newly created 3rd Lancers .
Third Coalition War
In 1805, six squadrons were part of the Kinmeier Corps in Germany. The lieutenant colonel’s division was in reserve, after the battle of Ulm came under the command of Archduke Ferdinand, and fought near Shteken. After the retreat of the Mervevelt corps to Upper Styria, Captain Baron von Mengen himself withdrew his squadron, having gotten rid of the pursuit of two enemy infantry battalions, for which he was awarded the Order of Maria Theresa. Captain Scheibler also distinguished himself in that war during the battles for the enemy post near Urfar, was promoted to majors of the light cavalry regiment of Rosenberg.
Fifth Coalition War
In 1809, the 2nd Corps of Kolovrat, together with the regiment, stayed in Germany: Major Earl Mansdorff fought near Amberg . The regiment managed to take Hof and headed for Regensburg , where on April 21 he collided with the French squadron and with great losses managed to get out of the encirclement. Six squadrons arrived in the Sommariv division, which fought in many battles. In July, he was transferred to Bohemia to the 1st division and then fought against the army of Saxony for Hephreus and Nuremberg. Lt. Col. Mensdorff was awarded the Order of Maria Theresa, Captain Mengen was promoted to majors of the 3rd Lancers.
War of the Sixth Coalition and One Hundred Days of Napoleon
In 1813, a regiment with three divisions stayed in Inner Austria: two divisions defended Loybl, detachments of the lieutenant colonel’s division near Feistritz, Lippa and Krajnberg. Later, cavalry squadrons of the 1st regiment fought in Italy under Bassano del Grappa and San Marco, two more squadrons defended Palmannova. In 1814, the regiment advanced from Mantua to the Po River, participating in several skirmishes. At Volta, the lieutenant of the Fausch regiment took command of the 10th battalion of courier couriers. Another squadron fought under Mondzambano. The regiment also participated in the last war with Napoleonic France.
Uprising of 1848-1849
In 1848, the regiment suppressed the uprising in Prague, and later, under the command of Field Marshal Prince Vindish-Gretz, he fought against the rebels near Schwechat. The lieutenant colonel’s division participated in the battles against the Hungarians in Baboln. In 1849, the regiment fought near Weitzen, Schömnitz and Kapolnaya (in the last battle, the 2nd division of the major distinguished himself). Participated in skirmishes near Kalom and Eger-Farmosh. The detachment of Colonel Almashi was ambushed near Loschonch and was utterly defeated. Another division fought under Hatvan and Pusta-Chem.
In the summer, five and a half squadrons were partly housed in Comorne , partly in Vaag and participated in battles near Vasharut, Böös, Asod and Pered . Until the end of the war, battles were fought near Komorn. On August 3, at the Battle of Pusta-Gerkai, the regiment of Count von Nostitz lost three battalions and all artillery. Half of the squadron fought on the southern front under the command of Ban Josip Jelacic near Buzhim, and the 1st division of the major in June fled from Bohemia to Hungary and joined the detachment of the Russian general F.S. Panyutin .
Sardinian War
In 1859, the regiment served in Italy with a garrison service. He fought under Borgo Vercelli and Novara. At the battle of Magent, only his 4th squadron fought. Distinguished himself under Solferino.
War with Germany
In 1866, five squadrons under the command of Field Marshal Lieutenant Zhikovsky stood on the border with Prussia (in Galicia). In the battle of Auschwitz, the 4th and 5th squadrons distinguished themselves. The 6th squadron fought under the towns of Kenta, Dzidzice, Gochalkovice and pursued the legion of Klapka.
World War I and the end of the regiment
In World War I, the regiment was first used as an auxiliary unit and distinguished itself in battles near Yaroslavitsa on August 21, 1914 . The 4th Cavalry Division, which included a regiment, did not actually participate in battles and gradually reorganized into infantry.
In October 1918, Poland declared independence. The Poles and Galicians proclaimed the Provisional Government to urge all Polish units of the former Austro-Hungarian army to return to their homeland. The Ministry of War of Austria-Hungary could not satisfy this request, since it was necessary to preliminary demobilize the necessary units, to which no one was going to give consent. Here the traces of the regiment are lost, so it is not known whether all the ulans of the regiment were included in the Polish army.
Shelf Description
Structure
- Subordination: 11th Army Corps, 8th Cavalry Division, 21st Cavalry Brigade.
- National composition: 85% of Poles, 15% of other nationalities [3] .
- Languages: Polish.
Uniforms
- 1790: yellow cap, grass-green jacket, dark red lapels, white tight trousers, yellow buttons
- 1798: golden cap, dark green jacket and trousers, dark red lapels, yellow buttons
- 1865: yellow Tatar, blue tunic-ulanka and trousers, burgundy lapels, yellow buttons
- 1868: golden Tatar, blue ulanka, burgundy trousers and lapels, yellow buttons
- 1876: golden cap, blue ulanka, burgundy trousers and lapels, yellow buttons
Garrisons
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Patrons
- 1792: Field Marshal Lieutenant Johann von Mesaros
- 1797: Cavalry General Count Maximilian von Merfeld
- 1815: Cavalry General, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Goth Ernst
- 1844: Cavalry General Count Karl Zyphalart
- 1865: cavalry general, count Karl Grunne
- 1884-1885: was not
- 1885: Field Marshal Lieutenant, Crown Prince Rudolph
- 1889-1894: was not
- 1894: Field Marshal Lieutenant, Archduke Otto
- 1906: cavalry general, knight Rudolf von Brudermann
Commanders
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Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Philip Haythornthwaite: Austrian Army of the Napoleonic Wars: Cavalry (1986), str. 35.
- ↑ Darko Pavlović: The Austrian Army 1836-1866: Cavalry (1999), str. 35.
- ↑ Austro-hungarian-army.co.uk - Common Army Cavalry Regiments as at July 1914
- ↑ Austro-hungarian-army.co.uk - Regimental Commanders 1859
- ↑ Austro-hungarian-army.co.uk - Regimental Commanders 1865
- ↑ Austro-hungarian-army.co.uk - Regimental Commanders 1879
- ↑ - Ulanenregimenter der ö.u. Armee im Mai 1914
Literature
- Obstlt. Alphons Frhr. v. Wrede: Geschichte der KuK Wehrmacht von 1618 bis Ende des XIX Jh. Wien 1898-1905.
- Georg Schreiber: Des Kaisers Reiterei. Österreichische Kavallerie in 4 Jahrhunderten. Mit einem Geleitwort von Alois Podhajsky. Speidel, Wien 1967.
- BM Buchmann: Österreich und das Osmanische Reich. WUV-Univ.-Verl., Wien 1999.
- Allmayer-Beck / Lessing: Die kuk Armee 1848-1918. Bertelsmann, München 1974.
- György Ságvári: Das Buch der Husaren. Magyar Könyvklub, Budapest 1999.
- Osprey Military. Men-at-arms Series Nr. 329.