Arnold of Brescia ( Brescia [3] ; Arnold of Brescia [4] ; from Brescia ; Italian: Arnaldo da Brescia ; circa 1100 - June 18, 1155 ) - Italian religious and public figure, reformer. Under the influence of Pierre Abelard, he preached a rejection of luxury in church life and a return to original Christianity (before 150 CE), which put his teachings in opposition to the popes . In 1145, he tried, at the head of the People's Party in Rome , to recreate the republic. After repeated exile, executed by order of Pope Adrian IV . [four]
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Adherents of his teachings are Arnoldists . They were mistakenly mixed with Cathars and Albigensians . They were convicted at the Verona Cathedral (October-November 1184) by Pope Lucius III . [five]
Content
Biography
Native to Brescia . In his youth, he lived for several years in France , where he became a student of Pierre Abelard . Upon his return to Brescia, already a priest, Arnold Breschian led the struggle of the townspeople against the lord - the bishop . For this, II Lateran Council ( 1139 ) was deprived of his post and expelled from Italy. Once again in France, Arnold Breschian, together with Abelard, led a fierce struggle against the highest hierarchs of the church, the leader of which was Bernard of Clairvaux .
Arnold Breschian preached that clergymen should not possess wealth and secular power. He accused the pope, bishops, abbots of luxury, debauchery, indulging in robberies and murders, in buying church posts for money. The ideal of Arnold Brescia was the original Christianity, a poor but immaculate church.
In 1140, the pope condemned the views of Abelard and Arnold of Brescia as heretical and ordered both to be imprisoned in a monastery and their books burned. Arnold Brescia was forced to leave France and lived for several years in Zurich , where he continued to preach his teachings. From Zurich he was expelled at the insistence of Bernard of Clairvaux . In a desperate situation, Arnold of Brescia arrived in 1145 to Pope Eugene III and asked for forgiveness, taking an oath of allegiance to the church. This allowed Arnold Breschiansky to be in Rome , whose inhabitants in 1143 rebelled against their lord-pope and proclaimed a republic .
In Rome, the previous sermons of Arnold of Brescia sounded very popular among the townspeople. Without occupying any official posts in the leadership of the Roman republic, it was Arnold who became its de facto leader and ideologist, and, therefore, the main enemy of the pope expelled from the city. In 1155, four days after the interdict was imposed on Rome, the Roman Senate was forced to comply with the pope’s request and expel from the city of Arnold Brescia, who fled to northern Italy. There he was captured by Frederick I Barbarossa , who was moving to Rome at the request of the pope. In Rome, Arnold Brescia was given to Pope Adrian IV and executed on June 18, 1155. He was hanged, then the body was burned, and the ashes thrown into the Tiber so that the remains of Arnold were not revered by his many adherents.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118645897 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ LIBRIS
- ↑ Arnold of Brescia // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia . - Petrograd, 1900-1911.
- ↑ 1 2 Arnold from Brescia // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ Arnoldists // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- A. Gausrat. Medieval reformers: Pierre Abelard, Arnold Brescia / Per. with him. - 2nd ed., Moscow: Librocom, 2012 .-- 392 p. - Series "Academy of Basic Research: History", ISBN 978-5-397-02423-5
- N.A. Bortnik. Arnold Brescia - a fighter against the Catholic Church. (Popular Science Series). M., 1956.
- V. A. Fedosik In the fight against the pope // And are alive by the memory of centuries. Mn., 1987.
Links
- Arnold of Brescia // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.