Enkyo [2] [3] [4] ( Japanese 延 享 enkyo:, the formation of duration) is the motto of the reign ( nengo ) of the Japanese emperors Sakuramati and Momodzono [4] [3] , used from 1744 to 1748 [3] [5 ] . The motto of the board was proclaimed in connection with the beginning of a new 60-year cycle of the Chinese calendar .
| Enkyo | |
|---|---|
| jap. 延 享 | |
| Serial number | 226 [1] |
| Ruling emperor | Sakuramati and Momozono |
| Duration | 1744-1748 |
| Previous era | Campo |
| Next era | Kanyen |
Duration
Beginning and end of an era: [6] [7] [3]
- 21st day of the 2nd moon of the 4th year of Campo (according to the Gregorian calendar - April 3, 1744);
- The 12th day of the 7th moon of the 5th year of Enkyo (according to the Gregorian calendar - August 5, 1748).
Origin
The name of the nengo was borrowed from the 1st juan of the ancient Chinese composition “Iven Leiju” ( Chinese 芸 文 類 聚 , Pinyin : Yìwén Lèijù , literally: “Collection of works of fine literature by genus”): 「聖 主 寿 延 天 天 天 天 天 天祐 、 莫不 抃 舞 」 [5] .
Events
- 1745 (Enkyo's 2nd year) - Tokugawa Iesige became the new shogun [8] ;
- 1745 (2nd year of Enkyo) - fair at the Hirano Temple in Omi Province [8] ;
- 1746 (2nd moon of the 3rd year of Enkyo) - Edo suffered from a fire [8] ;
Comparison Chart
The table below shows the correspondence of Japanese traditional and European chronology. The name of the corresponding year from the 60-year cycle of the Chinese gan-chi system is indicated in parentheses to the year number of the Japanese era. The Japanese months are traditionally called moons .
| 1st year Enkyo ( Wood Rat ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gregorian calendar | February 14, 1744 | March 14th | April 13th | 12 May | June 11 | July 10th | 8 August | September 7th | October 6th | November 4th | December 4th | January 3, 1745 | |
| Julian calendar | February 3, 1744 | March, 3rd | April 2 | 1st of May | May 31 | June 29 | July 28th | August 27 | September 25th | October 24th | November 23rd | December 23 | |
| 2nd year Enkyo ( Wooden Bull ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | 12th moon (leap) * |
| Gregorian calendar | February 1, 1745 | March, 3rd | April 2 | May 2 | May 31 | 30 June | July 29 | August 27 | September 26th | the 25th of October | November 23rd | December 23 | January 22, 1746 |
| Julian calendar | January 21, 1745 | February 20th | March 22 | The 21st of April | May 20 | June 19 | July 18th | August 16 | September 15th | October 14 | November 12th | 12 December | January 11, 1746 |
| 3rd year of Enkyo ( Fire Tiger ) | 1st moon | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon * | 6th moon | 7th moon * | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon | |
| Gregorian calendar | February 20, 1746 | March 22 | The 21st of April | May 20 | June 19 | July 18th | August 17 | September 15th | October 15th | the 13th of November | 12 December | January 11, 1747 | |
| Julian calendar | February 9, 1746 | 11th of March | April 10th | May 9 | June 8 | July 7th | August 6th | 4 September | The 4th of October | November 2 | December 1st | 31th of December | |
| 4th year of Enkyo ( Fire Rabbit ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon * | 4th moon | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon * | 9th moon | 10th moon * | 11th moon | 12th moon * | |
| Gregorian calendar | February 10, 1747 | 11th of March | April 10th | May 9 | June 8 | July 8 | August 6th | September 5th | The 4th of October | the 3rd of November | December 2nd | January 1, 1748 | |
| Julian calendar | January 30, 1747 | 28th of February | 30th of March | April 28th | May 28 | 27th of June | 26 July | 25-th of August | 23 September | October 23 | November 21 | 21 December | |
| 5th year of Enkyo ( Earth Dragon ) | 1st moon * | 2nd moon | 3rd moon | 4th moon * | 5th moon | 6th moon * | 7th moon | 8th moon | 9th moon * | 10th moon | 10th moon (leap) * | 11th moon | 12th moon * |
| Gregorian calendar | January 30, 1748 | 28th of February | March 29 | April 28th | May 27th | June 26th | July 25th | 24 August | 23 September | 22 of October | November 21 | December 20 | January 19, 1749 |
| Julian calendar | January 19, 1748 | February 17 | March 18 | April 17th | 16th of May | June 15th | the 14 th of July | August 13th | 12-th of September | October 11 | 10th of November | 9th December | January 8, 1749 |
- * An asterisk indicates short months (moons) of 29 days. The remaining months last 30 days.
Notes
- ↑ 日本 の 歴 代 の 元 号 一 覧。 奈良 時代 の 大化 か ら 令 和 ま で 通 算 し て 248 の 元 号 リ ス ト
- ↑ Petrova and Goreglyad, 1963 , p. 207.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Kontsevich, 2010 , p. 753.
- ↑ 1 2 East Asia // Rulers of the World. Chronological and genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V.V. Erlikhman . - T. 3. - S. 355-358.
- ↑ 1 2 (Japanese) 日本 年号 一 覧 『日本 大 百科全書 （ニ ッ ポ ニ カ）』 小学 館 、 1984〜 1994 年 ( List of Japanese Nengos // Nipponika Encyclopedia . - Shogakukan , 1984-1994. )
- ↑ Online calculator for translating Japanese dates to European
- ↑ Japanese Nengo Database Archived July 22, 2015 on the Wayback Machine on the website of the Dharma Drum Humanitarian Institute (Taiwan)
- ↑ 1 2 3 Titsing, 1834 , p. 418.
Literature
- Kontsevich L.R. Chronology of the countries of East and Central Asia . - Moscow: Eastern Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2010. - S. 695-803. - 806 s. - ISBN 978-5-02-036350-2 .
- Petrova O.P., Goreglyad V.N. Slogans of rule // Description of Japanese manuscripts, woodcuts and early printed books. Vol. I .. - Moscow: Oriental literature , 1963. - S. 204-210. - 243 p.
- Prasol A.F. From Edo to Tokyo and vice versa. Culture, life and customs of Japan of the Tokugawa era . - Astrel, Corpus, 2012 .-- 528 s. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-271-43462-4 .
- (Fr.) Isaac Titsingh . Nihon give itiran, or Review of Imperial Reigns in Japan = Nipon o daï itsi ran, ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. - Paris, 1834. - 460 p.
- (English) William Bramsen. Chronological tables // Japanese chronological tables, showing the date, according to the Julian or Gregorian calendar, of the first day of each Japanese month: from Tai-kwa 1st year to Mei-ji 6th year (645 AD to 1873 AD): with an introductory essay On Japanese chronology and calendars . - 1910. - P. 50-131.