Gore is an intense emotional state, associated with the loss of someone (or something), with whom (or with what) the person had a deep emotional connection. This term is not used as a synonym for depression. [1] In other words, it is one of the basal emotions [2] associated with the sensation of an objective or subjective loss of a significant object, part of identity or an expected future. Also under the grief is understood strong deep sadness, grief.
Symptoms of grief
Symptoms of normal mourning are of two types [3] :
- Physical symptoms (difficulty breathing, cramping in the throat, shortness of breath , palpitations , etc.)
- Mental, psychological suffering, which may include [4] :
- Negatively stained emotional processes
- Absorption of the dead
- Guilt
- Hostile and aggressive reactions
- Loss of natural patterns of behavior, isolation from others
- and etc.
Differences between normal and pathological grief
Pathological mourning is a term used in psychiatry as a disorder group syndrome. [5] Normal grief differs from pathological by a number of parameters:
- The presence of state dynamics. Grief is not a state, but a process.
- Periodic distraction from the painful reality of death.
- The emergence of positive feelings during the first 6 months after the death of a loved one.
- The transition from acute grief to integrated.
- The ability of the surviving subject not only to recognize the death of a loved one and leave him, but also the search for new and constructive ways to continue the relationship with the deceased such as keeping his memory. [6]
Mourning Assistance Approaches
Three main approaches [7] :
- Accompaniment and psychological support (turns out to be close people)
- Psychological counseling (conducted by a qualified psychologist).
- Psychotherapy and drug treatment. Conducted by psychiatrists, psychotherapists.
The phenomenon of grief in psychoanalysis
Austrian psychologist Z. Freud believed that the main function of sadness is to “take away” the psychic energy from the lost object. At this time, “the object continues to exist mentally,” and upon its completion, the “ego” becomes free from attachment and can direct the released energy to other objects. [8] Thus, Freud's theory explains how people forget about the lost.
Notes
- ↑ Oxford Dictionary of Psychology / Ed. A. Rebera, 2002
- ↑ Lemeignan M., Guitart PL, Bloch P. Autonomic differentiation of sex basic emotions // Int. J. of Psychophisiol. - 1991. - № 11 . - p . 52-53 .
- ↑ Lindemann E. Clinic of acute grief. // Psychology of emotions. / Ed. V.K. Vilyunas, Yu.B. Gippenreiter .. - Moscow: Izd-vo Mosk. un-that, 1984.
- ↑ Malkina-Pykh I. G. Psychological assistance to relatives. - Eksmo, 2009.
- ↑ ICD 10 .
- ↑ Shear MK, Mulhare E. Complicated grief. - Psychiatric Annals .. - Vol.38, №10, 2008. - p. R. 662–670 ..
- ↑ Umansky S.V. Heavy loss and grief. Psychological and clinical aspects .
- ↑ Sigmund Freud. Sadness and melancholia / V.K. Vilujasa, Yu.B. Gippenreiter .. - Publishing House Mosk. un-that. - 1984 ..