Mezheninov Nikolay Pavlovich (March 10, 1838, Mishino , Ryazan province - November 27, 1901, St. Petersburg) - Russian engineer-traveler. The head of the expedition to conduct surveys and the head of the construction of the Central Siberian Railway of the Great Siberian Route (1887-1896). Privy Advisor (1900).
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Content
Biography
Born in an old noble landowner family that owned land in the Ryazan province since the 16th century [1] . The family estate was located in the village of Mishino [2] . The family was large, the sisters - Anna (born 1832), Mary (born 1836), Elizabeth (born 1845). The elder brother Alexander (1834-1910) [3] - a general, poet, hero of the Serbian-Turkish war (1876-1877) , the younger ones - Ivan (born 1840), Victor (born 1847)
In 1861, Nikolai graduated from the Physics and Mathematics Department of Imperial Moscow University (in the Department of Pure Mathematics, Ph.D.). In the same year he entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers . He graduated from the full course in 1863, received the title of engineer-lieutenant of communications. He was appointed head of the distance of the seventh district of communications of the Konotop railway .
Railroad Builder
Attracted to practical work, he achieved dismissal and since 1866 participated in the construction of railway lines in the society of the Kursk-Kiev Railway , in 1869 he took part in surveys for the construction of the Konotop - Bakhmach - Minsk railway. In 1870 he was appointed head of the government surveys of the Vilno - Minsk railway. In 1872, he was sent as a state inspector for the construction of the Landvarovo-Romenskaya Railway , in 1874 he was appointed to the post of inspector of the Ural Mountain Plant from Perm to Yekaterinburg.
In March 1875, he supervised the construction of the Orenburg-Samara road, a leading society of the Orenburg Railway. In 1877 he was appointed chief engineer of the construction of the Sumy section of the Kharkov-Nikolaev railway. Being then the chief engineer of the board of this road, he was engaged in projects to increase its throughput and the device of the Nikolaev port. In 1881, with the transition of the road under public administration, he headed its board. In 1883 he retired, took part in the construction of a section of the Polesskaya Road. Then he was elected head of the Transcaucasian Railway.
In 1887, having received an invitation from the Office of Treasury Railways, he returned to public service, was appointed head of research on the Central Siberian Railway. The work was deployed after the historic meeting of June 1, 1887 of the ministers of communications, naval, military, finance, and internal affairs, where it was decided to build sections of the railway in Siberia: Central Siberian (Tomsk-Irkutsk), Trans-Baikal (Lake Baikal- Sretensk ), Ussuriysk (Vladivostok-Amur Region). N.P. Mezheninov led the Central Siberian expedition for the production of preliminary surveys, O.P. Vyazemsky , the Trans-Baikal expedition, and A.I. Ursati , the Ussuri expedition. The first two began to work in August 1887, the last in February 1888. According to the report of N. P. Mezheninov, on the basis of surveys carried out under his leadership in 1887–1889, the Ministry of Railways recognized the “Siberian Railway” plan as technologically and economically more profitable than a combination of water and railway sections.
Head of construction of the Central Siberian Railway (1892). On July 20, 1894, near the village of Krivoshchekovo (later the city of Novosibirsk will grow here), together with Tomsk Governor G.A. Tobizen and the Control Chamber Governor M.K. The bridge was built in a very short time and put into operation on April 5, 1897. Nikolay Appolonovich Belelubsky , Grigory Moiseevich Budagov , Nikolai Mikhailovich Tikhomirov , Vladimir Alexandrovich Link , Victor Stepanovich Korolev , Ernest Andreyevich Babiensky , Alexander Stanislavovich Konopchinsky , Kranit Egorovich Trubin and many others also participated in the construction.
From August 1889 to 1892, after conducting surveys, he built the railway Dzhankoy - Theodosius in the Crimea. The pedestrian bridge over the railway in Feodosia is called Mezheninovsky [4] .
Head of the construction of the railway branch Taiga-Tomsk (1895-1896).
In December 1895, the first trains arrived in Krasnoyarsk, and in Irkutsk in February 1897. March 31, 1897 traffic was opened on the railway bridge across the Ob [5] . In 1899, the Central Siberian Railway was accepted for continuous operation.
During the construction of railways, he demanded to build gymnasiums, hospitals, churches [6] , libraries, resettlement centers and plant gardens everywhere along the roads in cities and towns. He himself was a member of the committee for the construction of the Novosibirsk church in the name of the Right Prince Alexander Nevsky (1895), the building of the Public Assembly in Tomsk in 1898-1900 [7] .
Rewards
Order of Stanislav III degree (1871).
Order of St. Anne, II degree (1873).
Order of St. Vladimir IV degree (1890)
Order of St. Vladimir III degree (1895)
Memory
In honor of Mezheninov, the station Mezheninovka of the Tomsk branch of the West Siberian Railway was named. This is not the first name of the station in honor of Mezheninov, originally it was the penultimate station of the Tomsk branch, now Tomsk-I .
According to some reports, he was buried near the church in the Mezheninov family estate - now the village of Mishino, Zaraysky district, Moscow region [8] .
Literature
Mezheninov, Nikolai Pavlovich // Tomsk from A to Z: A Brief Encyclopedia of the City. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. - Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2004 .-- S. 206. - 440 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .
BUILDERS of the Trans-Siberian Railway // Highway: chiefs of glands. dear Zap. Siberia, 1896-2006: East. essays. - Novosibirsk, 2006. - S. 26 - 29: silt, portr.
PLITCHENKO, E. A. Distance of the way - life / E. A. Plitchenko // Creators: essays about people who wrote their name in the history of Novosibirsk. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - T. 2. - S. 307-311: portr.
AKULININ, N. A. Happy fate / N. A. Akulinin // Way and track economy. - 1992. - No. 2. - S. 32.
NOZDRIN G. A. Mezheninov Nikolay Pavlovich / G. A. Nozdrin // Novosibirsk: encyclopedia. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 519. - Bibliography: p. 519.
N.P. MEZHENINOV: [biogr. sketch] // Siberian Commercial and Industrial and Reference Calendar for 1898. - Tomsk, 1898. - S. 638-641 (3rd pag.), Portr. on incl. l between s. 640 and 641. - Cap. on the spine: Siberian Commercial and Industrial Calendar.
Notes
- ↑ Mezheninovs An ancient Ryazan noble family dating back to the time of Vasily the Dark and who owned an estate in the village of Glaskovo, Ryazan (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment June 5, 2015. Archived June 21, 2015.
- ↑ Parts of the village were owned by the landowners Kropotkin, Gololobov and Mezheninov. In the estate of the Mezheninovs, noblemen of an old family, the hero of the Serbian-Turkish war of 1876 was born, general, poet Alexander Pavlovich Mezheninov (1834-1910)
- ↑ Kashira News / Poet and Hero
- ↑ Pedestrian bridge over the railway in Feodosia
- ↑ Railway bridge over the Ob
- ↑ Foundation of Emperor Alexander III: churches and schools on the Great Siberian Railway
- ↑ Committee on the Construction of the Public Assembly Building (1897)
- ↑ The burial place of the hero of the Serbian-Turkish war, General Alexander Mezheninov and his brother, the creator of the famous Transsiberian Nikolai Mezheninov, is located at the church altar.