Toponymy of Tomsk Region

The toponymy of the region is determined by the history of its development. Linguists distinguish several stratigraphic strata in the toponymy of Western Siberia : the Paleo - Asian - the oldest substrate stratum; further - Nenets (north), Selkup (east), Ket (south); more modern Finno-Ugric ( Khanty and Mansi ) in the north and in the center, Turkic in the south; the last in time of formation is the Slavic (Russian) layer. Moreover, while South Samoyed place names are widespread in the upper Yenisei , Ob, and Irtysh , in the Tom basin, in the Upper Chulym and Lower Chulym , in the Irtysh basin, in Keti and Tyma , in the Upper and Middle Vasyugan regions, Ket ^[1] . Along with the aforementioned toponymic layers, the toponomicon of the region also contains a certain number of toponyms of paleosiberian or paleo-Asian origin ^[2] .

The development of the territory of modern Tomsk region by Russians began in the late XVI - early XVII centuries (the village (previously city) Narym , founded in 1596, is the oldest settlement in the region). Almost all the settlements of the region were founded by migrants from Central Russia, therefore the Slavic toponymic stratum is the latest in formation time ^[3] . To the greatest extent, this layer is represented in the oikonymy of the region, whose semantic structure is traditional for Slavic toponyms (patronyms, natural, descriptive, religious-cult and ideological toponyms of the Soviet period).

As of December 20, 2017, the State Catalog of Geographical Names in the Tomsk Region registered 7185 names of geographical objects ^[4] , including 582 names of settlements. Below are lists of the most significant natural sites and the largest settlements of the Tomsk region with the characteristics of their etymology .

Hydronyms

In the Tomsk region there are 18.1 thousand rivers, streams and other watercourses, including 1620 rivers with a length of more than 10 km. The main waterway is the Ob River . The hydronym Ob was probably descended from the Iranian ab, ob, meaning “water, river,” in the Komi language meaning “snowy water” ^[5] .

The main tributaries of the Ob, flowing into it on the territory of the Tomsk region:

• Tom - the name comes from the Ket word "toom", which is interpreted by linguists differently. There is an opinion that it means “river”, A. P. Dulzon interprets it as “dark” ^[6] .
• Chulym - a satisfactory explanation of the meaning of hydronym has not yet been developed. According to A. P. Dulzon, it is borrowed from the Selkups or Turkic peoples, but the origin from the Turkic “chul” - “water” is unacceptable, since there is no explanation for the particle “ouch” ^[7] .
• Tea - according to A. P. Dulzon, “Tea” is identical to the hydronym “Yaya”, possibly. the hydronym is based on the Turkic word "tea" (yay) - "summer", that is, "summer river" ^[8] .
• Ket is a hydronym associated with the eponym of chum , but, according to A. P. Stateynov, the toponym could be primary, that is, the name “chum” came from the hydronym Ket ^[9] .
• Parabel - on the maps of the XVIII century there is a variant "Drum". According to the assessment of I. A. Vorobyova, perhaps the name comes from the Turkic “barba” and the Selkup suffix, which is characteristic for adjectives - “l” ^[10] .
• Vasyugan - from the Ketsky “you” (“Weiss”) and the Khanty “yugan” - “river” ^[11] .
• Tym - comes from the Ket “toom” (see also “Tom”) " ^[6] .

There are 95 thousand lakes in the region, the largest lake is Mirnoye ( Parabel district ), the origin of the name has not been established.

Marshes occupy 28.9% of the region, the largest - Vasyugan swamp , the name comes from the name of the Vasyugan river.

Oikonyms

• Tomsk - from the hydronym Tom .
• Cedar - created in the 1980s as the base city of oil industry workers. The name was received, apparently, due to the natural features of the area (located in a pine forest among ship pines).
• Strezhevoy - the name came from the Russian dialect "Strezh", "Strezhen" - "steep river bank", "channel, rapid, channel, rapids." At the time the city was founded (1966), a proposal arose to name it “Neftegrad”, but in connection with the existence in the USSR of a large number of cities whose names began with “Oil ...”, it was decided to refuse it ^[12] .
• Seversk - in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of March 17, 1954, according to which all the settlements built for servicing the enterprises of the nuclear industry received city status and names, the factory settlement of the plant No. 816 became a city and acquired the official name "Seversk", however, it became more widespread received another name - Tomsk-7 ^[13] .
• Alexandrovsky - until 1924 it was called Nizhne-Lumpokolsky, the origin of this toponym has several versions. According to one, it is a Selkup toponym meaning "geese of river passages" (bosom - goose, generations - river pass)). According to another version, it is a Russian-Khanty toponym meaning “Lower Idol Village” (lunk - devil, idol; pugl - village) ^[14] . On March 28, 1924, the village of Nizhne-Lumpokolskoye was renamed Alexandrovskoye.
• Kargasok - from the Selkup “hag” - “bear” and “juice” - “cape”, that is, “bear cape” ^[15] .
• Parabel - from the hydronym Parabel .
• Kolpashevo - according to one version, was named in honor of the possible founder of the village of the Cossack Pervushi Kolpashnik ^[16] .
• Podgornoye - until 1911 it was called the “Klimentievskaya capture” (the village of Klimentievka, the settlement of Klementich). According to the current legend, which is not documented, the name came from the name of the priest Clement, allegedly the founder of the loan. In 1911 it was renamed Podgornoye ^[17]
• Molchanovo - received the name from the first inhabitants of the village. S. Remezov in the "Drawing Book" of 1701 indicates the inhabitants of the village of the Molchanovs and Lavrovs " ^[18] .
• Krivosheino - named after the names of the first inhabitants (the village was founded in the 17th century) - Krivoshenina, Vlasova, Rodina. The name Krivosheino was historically entrenched ^[19] .
• Melnikovo - until 1938 it was called Shegarskoe, in 1938 it was renamed Melnikovo.
• Kozhevnikovo - named after the names of the first inhabitants - Kozhevnikovs ^[20] .
• Asino - received the name from the Asino station, which, according to old-timers, was named after the girl - a railway engineer ^[21] .
• May Day - founded in 1600, originally called Pyshkino-Trinity (Pyshkino-Trinity) ^[22] .
• White Yar - the name is given on the steep bank of the river, where there is white clay ^[23] .
• Teguldet - from the Ket “ghoul” - “salt water” and “det” - “river” ^[24] .
• Zyryansk - the name was given by immigrants from Central Russia in the 16th – 18th centuries in memory of the abandoned village of the same name ^[25] .
• Bakchar - until 1931 it was called “the capture of the Selivanovs”, in 1931 it was renamed Bakchar from the name of a river flowing nearby ^[26] .

Dromonyms

• Northern latitudinal highway - was named after the passage - approximately along the 60th parallel of the northern latitude .

• Vorobyova I.A. Language of the Earth. On the local geographical names of Western Siberia. - Novosibirsk: West Siberian Book Publishing House, 1973. - 152 p.
• Murzaev E.M. Dictionary of popular geographic terms. - M .: Thought, 1984. - 653 p.
• Pospelov E. M. Geographical names of the world. Toponymic dictionary / resp. ed. R. A. Ageeva. - 2nd ed., Stereotype. - M .: Russian dictionaries, Astrel, AST, 2002. - 512 p. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-001389-2 .
• Stateynov A.P. Toponymy of Siberia and the Far East. - Krasnoyarsk: The letter "C", 2008. - 512 p.