Mieczysław Metkowski ( Polish: Mieczysław Mietkowski ; November 25, 1903, Bialystok - April 25, 1990, Warsaw ), aka Moses (Moishe) Bobrowicki - Polish Communist of Jewish descent, brigade general , deputy minister of public security in 1944 - 1954 . One of the leaders of the apparatus of political repression. Dismissed by the results of the investigation of abuses in the state security.
| Mechislav Metkovsky | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| polish Mieczysław mietkowski | ||||
| Birth name | Moses (Moishe) Bobrovitsky | |||
| Date of Birth | November 25, 1903 | |||
| Place of Birth | Bialystok | |||
| Date of death | April 27, 1990 (86 years old) | |||
| Place of death | Warsaw | |||
| Citizenship |  NDP | |||
| Occupation | Deputy Minister of Public Security | |||
| Education | ||||
| The consignment | KPZB Gearbox VKP (b) PPR PORP | |||
| Main ideas | communism | |||
| Awards |
| |||
Content
In the Communist Party. Relocation to the USSR
Born in a Jewish working-class family (there are some discrepancies regarding the exact date of birth; November 15 is allowed). In 1922 he joined the Communist Party of Western Belarus , then the Communist Party of Poland . He was a party functionary, participated in the pro-communist trade union movement.
In 1925 - 1926 he served in the infantry battalion of the Polish army.
In 1928 he went to Switzerland for the treatment of eye disease. The following year, Moses Bobrovitsky moved from Switzerland to the USSR . He graduated from the Institute of Red Professors . He joined the CPSU (b) , was a functionary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Profintern . Took the name Mechislav Metkovsky .
Political Military
After graduating from officer courses, Mechislav Metkovsky joined the international operations of the CPSU (b) and the NKVD . In 1934 - 1936 he assisted the Austrian Schutzbund , in 1936 - 1939 he participated in the Spanish Civil War . Returning to the USSR, he worked in a publishing house of literature in foreign languages.
Since June 1941 , after the German attack on the USSR , Mechislav Metkovsky was drafted into the Red Army [1] . He served in political agencies , was engaged in the preparation of propaganda texts for Wehrmacht soldiers.
In 1943 he entered the political department of the 1st Warsaw Infantry Division named after Tadeusz Kosciuszko . Joined the communist PPR , led the apparatus of political education of the Polish armed forces in the USSR. He played an important role in the formation of Polish pro-communist power structures. At the same time, he was accused of favoritism towards Jews, in connection with which he received denunciations from the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the state security organs [2] . However, this criticism was not taken into account by the relevant Soviet authorities.
In state security
In October 1944, Mechislav Metkovsky was appointed deputy head of the Public Security Department of the PKNO (the department was headed by communist Stanislav Radkevich ). From January 1945, Metkovsky was Deputy Radkevich as Minister of Public Security of Poland. Until 1947, he participated in the suppression of anti-communist resistance of the Home Army and the Movement of Freedom and Independence . Then he oversaw the hardware functioning of the IOB, the departments of counterintelligence, correspondence control, and business units. He was also the secretary of the party organization PPR- PORP in the ministry.
He had the rank of brigade generals. He was awarded the Order of the Renaissance of Poland , the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari , the Order of the Banner of Labor .
Mechislav Metkovsky played a prominent role in organizing the political terror of the Stalinist period [3] . In 1949 - 1954 he was a member of the Security Commission of the Central Committee of the PUWP , the coordinating body of repression [4] [5] . He was assigned to the “Jewish” group [6] of Yakub Berman in the leadership of the PPR-PORP and state security bodies [7] ( Roman Romkovsky , Jozef Rozhansky , Anatole Feigin , Julia Bristiger , Vaclav Komar , Jozef Chaplitsky also belonged to this group of the most famous IOB functionaries , Jozef Svyatlo ).
Retirement
In December 1954 , at the beginning of Polish de-Stalinization , Metkovsky was removed from the post of deputy minister, the ministry itself was disbanded. The party-service investigation revealed Metkovsky’s involvement in the arrests of members of the ruling party and the use of torture. In addition, he had a share of responsibility for the failure associated with the escape of Lt. Col. Svyatlo to West Berlin .
Metkovsky was expelled from the PUWP and withdrawn from politics. However, his leadership functions were mainly "clerical" in nature, participation in party purges was more indirect, and therefore Metkovsky did not appear before the court, like the other deputy of Radkevich - General Romkovsky.
Death
The last 35 years, Mechislav Metkovsky lived as a private individual. He died in 1990 , after the change of the socio-political system in Poland and the transformation of the NDP into the Third Commonwealth .
He was buried at the Military Ponzki cemetery in the same grave with his wife Henryka.
Notes
- ↑ Dane osoby z katalogu funkcjonariuszy aparatu bezpieczeństwa. MIECZYSŁAW MIETKOWSKI unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 24, 2015. Archived May 24, 2015.
- ↑ Archival collection of the Ryazan society “Memorial”. Metkovsky Mechislav (Bobrovitsky Moishe)
- ↑ Wczoraj w mundurach dzisiaj w garniturach ... !!! MORDERCY POLAKÓW
- ↑ Mieczysław Mietkowski
- ↑ Ranking opriczników: Szela, Berman, Rokossowsk
- ↑ Twarze bezpieki w PRL w latach 1944-1956
- ↑ Żydzi w bezpiece