Moscow Sloboda

Of the settlements consisted of Moscow posad ^[1] . Sloboda was formed by posad people who enjoyed certain benefits received from the grand duke or king.

All settlements depended on the general city government on the Zemsky Palace or Zemsky order. In the 17th century , there were about 150 settlements in Moscow; all of them were located outside the Kremlin . It is known that in Kitay- Gorod there was only one Patriarchal singing settlement , in the White City there were 21 settlements, but their main mass was within the limits of the Earth City and in Zamoskvorechye .

All settlements were subject to the same laws and had a common administrative structure, but according to customs and everyday life they were so different that it was difficult to meet two identical settlements.

According to documents of the 17th century, Moscow settlements differed in their estate composition, in professions and duties , there were five groups in total:

1. palace and state, including 51 settlements;
2. military ( Streltsy , Pushkarsky and so on) - 33 settlements;
3. monastic and lordly (patriarchal and metropolitan) - 26 settlements;
4. for foreigners - 8 settlements;
5. a large group of 25 heavy settlements, called “black” hundreds and settlements ^[2] .

Residents of the "black" settlements had to perform certain duties. "Black" settlements were subordinate to the Zemsky order . Residents had to monitor the condition of all buildings in the settlement, roads, bridges, in each settlement should have a fire brigade . The service of the police and those performing financial and judicial duties was paid from the funds of the Slobodans .

Self-government acted in the settlements, the residents themselves elected all the officials ( headman , tithes , kissers and others ^[3] ). The office and the prison were located in the exit hut , which was located in the center of the settlement. The administration of each settlement was supervised by a nobleman who was appointed by the discharge order . All suburban affairs were resolved by gatherings in the fraternal court, which was put on the general suburban account and mainly near the suburban church, which always occupied a prominent place in each suburb; near the church there was a suburban cemetery on which Slobozhans buried their fathers and grandfathers and all relatives. So, almost all the parishes of Moscow were formed from the settlements. Wardens of all settlements met at a general meeting.

In 1649 it was forbidden to create new settlements. After Petersburg became the capital of the state and country at the beginning of the 18th century, palace settlements began to empty.

After the artisans were obliged to enroll in workshops in 1722, and the townspeople taxed them with a poll tax in 1724, the inhabitants of the settlements began to become merchants and bourgeois , it was during this period that suburban self-government ceased to exist.

The names of many settlements are preserved in the names of Moscow areas, streets, alleys.

The list is presented in alphabetical order:

• Barash // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.
• Moscow // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Earth city // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Yamskaya Sloboda // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Hundred, Old Russian estate unit // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• S.K. Epiphany , Moscow settlements and hundreds in the 17th century. // Moscow region in its past. Part 2. - M. , 1930.
• Snegirev V.L. , Moscow settlements, M. , 1956
• Tikhomirov M.N. , Ancient Moscow, XII — XV centuries, M., 1992.
• History of Moscow districts. Encyclopedia / ed. Averyanova K.A. - M .: Astrel, AST, 2008 .-- 830c
• Sloboda // Moscow: Encyclopedia / ch. ed. S. O. Schmidt ; comp .: M.I. Andreev, V.M. Karev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1997 .-- 976 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-277-3 .