Christian Wilhelm von Dom ( German: Christian Konrad Wilhelm von Dohm , December 11, 1751 , Lemgo - May 29, 1820 , Pustleben ) - German historian , writer and diplomat. He gained fame as the author of the project of civil equality of Jews .
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| Christian Konrad Wilhelm von Dohm | |
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Content
Biography
Born in Lemgo in the family of local pastor Wolrad Ludwig Wilhelm ( German: Wolrad Ludwig Wilhelm ) and his wife Anna Elizabeth ( German Topps zu Dettmold, Anne Elisabeth ). His father was from Rinteln . He received the post of pastor in the parish of St. Mary in 1745. Volrad died when the boy was 7 years old, so the education of the child was supervised by his mother [3] .
After school, Christians went to study law at the University of Leipzig (1768-1773). From May 1774 to September 1776 he continued his education at the University of Gottingen [3] . After graduating from the University of Leipzig, he began to publish scientific papers [4] . September 13, 1776 was appointed professor of economics, finance and statistics in Kassel [5] .
In 1779, Christian entered the Prussian public service as archivist and in 1780 married Anna Henrietta Elizabeth Helving (1762-1780). Since 1783 he worked in the Prussian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1786 he received the noble title [6] .
In 1808-1810 he was Minister of the Kingdom of Westphalia in Dresden. In the autumn of 1810 he retired due to illness and for the last 10 years he lived in his estate Pustleben in Gottingen [7] .
He was on friendly terms with Johann Lafater , Georg Lichtenberg , Honore Mirabeau and others. [8] [9]
Creative heritage
In 1781, von Dom published a treatise On the Civic Improvement of Jews ( German: Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Juden ). Moses Mendelssohn , a well-known figure in the Jewish Enlightenment, prompted him to write a treatise on the House, whom Alsatian Jews turned to for help [10] .
According to the House, signs of the decline of the Jewish race were not innate, but were born of centuries of persecution and oppression. The House considered the discrimination of Jews to be unfair, and the inherent disadvantages of Jews to be eliminated through favorable treatment. Based on these provisions, he proposed a set of reforms based on the equal rights of Jews with other citizens [11] . Equating the Jews in civil rights, the House considered it impossible to provide them with political equality [12] . At the same time, he refuted the traditional anti-Semitic prejudices about the universal deceit of Jews and their propensity to deceive [13] . The ideas of the House were in line with the German tradition of Enlightenment ( German: Aufklärung ), which put society in the first place [14] .
The publication aroused wide interest and heated discussion among both Jews and Christians. Some even accused von Dom of bribing Jews. [10] The ideas of von Dom influenced the adoption of the “Decree on Tolerance” by the Austrian Emperor Joseph II in 1782, which abolished many restrictions on Jewish rights [15] . Translated into French by Count Honore de Mirabeau , the treatise of the House also became the basis for the decision of the Convention in 1791 on granting French Jews equal rights with Christians [16] [17] .
In addition to the most famous treatise "On the Civilian Improvement of the Jews", he also translated from the French essay by Frederick II "On German Literature." The flaws in which it can be blamed, their causes and ways to improve them ” [8] . The creative heritage of the House is a total of about 20 books, memoranda, translations and essays, as well as many journal articles [7] . Since 1804, a gymnasium founded by the House has existed in Goslar , which now bears his name [18] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118680145 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Laue, Günter: Christian Wilhelm von Dohm, geprägt durch seine Heimatstadt Lemgo? Archived July 12, 2015 at Wayback Machine In: Lippische Mitteilungen aus Geschichte und Landeskunde, Bd. 70, 2001: s. 231-250.
- ↑ Dohm, Christian Conrad Wilhelm: Carl Bonnets psychologischer Versuch, als eine Einleitung zu seinen philosophieschen Schriften; aus dem Französischen übersetzt und mit einigen Anmerkungen begleitet. Lemgo 1773
- ↑ Dohm, Christian Conrad Wilhelm (German) . Hessische Biografie . Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen. Date of treatment May 20, 2015.
- ↑ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1877 .
- ↑ 1 2 Günter Laue. Christian Wilhelm von Dohm (1751 - 1820) (German) (unavailable link) . lemgo.net (2000). Date of treatment May 17, 2015. Archived June 14, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Alexander von Humboldt . Bulletin of Europe . - Libra Press, 2015 .-- S. 19 .-- 298 p. - ISBN 9785990644007 .
- ↑ Daniel Rocher. World of Enlightenment. Historical Dictionary. - Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2003. - P. 106. - 666 p.
- ↑ 1 2 DOHM, CHRISTIAN WILHELM VON . Jewish Encyclopedia. Date of treatment May 17, 2015.
- ↑ Cleaver, 2000 , p. 69-71.
- ↑ Emancipation - an article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Polyakov L. Christian Europe. IX. Dawn of the New Time. Germany // History of anti-Semitism / Translation from French. - M .: Art Business Center, 1997. - T. 1 Age of Faith. - 427 p. - ISBN 5-7287-0099-3 .
- ↑ Cleaver, 2000 , p. 71-72.
- ↑ Evgeny Berkovich. Odyssey of Peter Pringsheim . 7 arts. Date of treatment May 20, 2015.
- ↑ Greta Ionkis. Jews and Germans: in the context of history and culture. - Aletheia, 2009 .-- S. 112. - 400 p. - (Russian abroad). - ISBN 9785914192089 .
- ↑ Dieu Fontaine, Francois. A History of Anti-Semitism, From Cross-Walking to Emancipation, IV. Emancipation, 1. Source, p. 72. - Kama, ISBN 954-9890-29-5 , 2002. (Bulgarian)
- ↑ Stiftungsgelder erleichtern den Start ins Studium in 2015 Archived May 18, 2015 on Wayback Machine
Literature
- Klier D. Russia gathers its Jews = Russia Gathers her Jews. - M .: Bridges of Culture, 2000. - S. 69-72. - 352 p. - ISBN 5-93273-023-4 .
- Dambacher, Ilsegret. Christian Wilhelm von Dohm. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des preußischen aufgeklärten Beamtentums und seiner Reformbestrebungen am Ausgang des 18.Jahrhunderts. Peter Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. Bern 1974.
- Möller, H. Christian Wilhelm von Dohm und seine Kritiker. In: Bild und Selbstbild der Juden Berlins zwischen Aufklärung und Romantik, hg. von Stefi Jersch-Wenzel. Berlin, 1992. S. 59 - 79.
- Uwe Eissing Christian Wilhelm von Dohms Schrift Über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Juden // Bulletin des Leo Baeck Instituts 88, 1991, Jerusalem. - S. 27-58.
- Dohm, Christian Wilhelm von // Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). - Bd. 5. - Lpz. : Duncker & Humblot, 1877. - S. 297–299. (German)
Links
- Dohm, Christian Conrad Wilhelm (German) . Hessische Biografie . Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen. Date of treatment May 20, 2015.