Vralman

Etymologically, the surname Vralman consists of two parts and is formed from the Russian word liar - liar, liar and the German word mann - man. ^{[3] [4] [5] [7] [6]}

Vralman’s task in the Prostakov’s house is to teach Mitrofanushka “in French and in all sciences”. Unlike other young mentors - Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin , he is in a special situation and receives a salary equal to three hundred rubles a year. ^[1] Being a coachman (according to Starodum ) and not knowing either the French language or any sciences, Vralman got a place as a governor due to several circumstances: ^[1]

• he is a foreigner
• Mrs. Prostakova is pleased with him (“ we are pleased with him ”), because without torturing Mitrofanushka with classes, she protects his health (“ he does not captive the shy girl ”)
• I’m unanimous with Prostakova regarding the education of Mitrofanushka, because she believes that he has a weak head (“ And it’s a bad thing to eat a little Kalasho slap pruha ... ”) and an unlearned, but healthy person is much better than a dead one, but “wise” like “ Aristotelis ”, He also believes that the letter is not needed to enter the secular world (“ How can a Russian guy be a Toforian and I can’t advance a Russian citizen! ”)

Vralman has a difficult relationship with Kuteikin and Tsyfirkin, who, unlike him, have at least some kind of education. This eventually results in the denunciation of Prostakova to them. ^[one]

Despite his speaking surname, Vralman is deceiving and behaving impudently not because of his natural essence, but because of life circumstances or out of necessity. So, because of a long (three months) job search as a coachman and the threat of starvation, Vralman called himself a teacher. ^[one]

Fonvizin assigned Vralman the role of a secondary character whose task was to reflect the laziness of Mitrofanushka and Prostakova’s ignorance, as well as to demonstrate the flaw of the then fashion for foreign tutors, who, like Vralman, did not have the proper education and were fraudsters. Vralman’s insignificance, in comparison with other characters, is visible in the frequency of appearances in comedy (the end of the 3rd and the end of the 5th action, although it is mentioned in the 1st action), as well as his non-participation in intrigue . ^[one]

After Fonvizin, the image of an ignorant foreign governor will become a classic for Russian comedy. Literary critic K. V. Pletnev believes that such a circumstance as the fact that “ Vralman was hired in Moscow. Prostakova says to Pravdin deserves attention:“ In Moscow, they took a foreigner for five years and, so that others would not lure, they announced a contract to the police ... ” This is important because according to the imperial decree in force from the middle of the 18th century, all foreigners who expressed a desire to work as tutors and act as boarders were required to urgently pass qualification exams at Moscow University or at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, but if someone hired a foreign governor who did not have the necessary certificate, then this would be punished with a fine, from which it can be concluded that Prostakova hired Vralman in violation of applicable law, and the police, in turn, did not perform properly the duties assigned to it. And Fonvizin trying to convey the idea that an ignorant tutor will lead his pupil in spiritual decay, although with proper training should cultivate human out of it with high d brodetelyami and the presence of civic virtues. ^[one]

- If we find four yards more than one horse, - if you please call me a Vralman ( P. D. Boborykin . Of the new ones, 2, 2). ^[eight]

• Vralman // Alexandrova Z. E. Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. A practical guide. - M .: Russian language , 2011.
• Vralman // Ashukin N.S. , Ashukina M.G. Winged words. Literary quotes. Figurative expressions / Ans. ed. V.P. Wompersky; Fig. A. B. Markevich. - M .: True , 1986 .-- 768 p. - 500,000 copies.
• Vralman // Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: 4 tons / G. Vinokur , prof. B.A. Larin , S.I. Ozhegov , B.V. Tomashevsky , prof. D. N. Ushakov ; Ed. D.N. Ushakova. - M .: State Institute "Soviet Encyclopedia" ; OGIZ (t. 1); State Publishing House of Foreign and National Dictionaries (t. 2-4), 1935-1940. - 45,000 copies.
• Vralman // Mikhelson M.I. Russian thought and speech. Own and alien. The experience of Russian phraseology. Collection of figurative words and parables. Walking and well-aimed words. A collection of Russian and foreign quotes, proverbs, sayings, proverbs and single words. - SPb. : Type. Imp. Acad. Sciences , 1904. - T. 1. - 779 p. ( copy of article )
• Vralman // Russian Spelling Dictionary / Russian Academy of Sciences . Inst. Rus. lang them. V.V. Vinogradova ; V.V. Lopatin (ed.), B.Z. Bukchina , N.A. Yeskova , etc. - M .: Azbukovnik, 1999.
• Vralman // Serov V. Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M .: Lokid-Press, 2003.
• Vralman, Adam Adamich // Encyclopedia of Literary Heroes: Russian Literature of the 17th - First Half of the 19th Century / Ed. A. N. Arkhangelsky et al. - M .: Olympus ; AST , 1997 .-- 672 p. - ISBN 5-7390-0164-1 .