Flensburg

General information

Flensburg is located in the north of the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein on the coast of the Flensburg Fjord , the so-called harbor , which flows into the Baltic Sea . Urban areas are located both on the western side of the fjord, which originates from Flensburg, and on the eastern side, which belongs to the Angeln Peninsula . The city center is located in the fjord valley; more modern buildings are located on the slopes and peaks of the hills surrounding the harbor. In the northwest and northeast the city is surrounded by forests , in the south, west and east - by fields . At a distance of approximately 500 m from the northernmost point of the Flensburg city limits is the border of the Kingdom of Denmark . Flensburg is the second northernmost city in Germany after the city of Westerland on the island of Sylt .

The average altitude in Flensburg is approx. 20 m, in the center - 12 m. The highest point is at an altitude of 63.7 m. Flensburg covers an area of ​​56.38 km². The longest length from north to south is 7.6 km, from west to east - 9.6 km. The length of the city border is 32.0 km.

Neighboring Settlements

List of villages bordering Flensburg clockwise (starting from the northeast): Glucksburg , Ves , Masbüll , Hürup , Tastrup , Freienville , Järplund-Wading , Handewit and Harrisle . In addition, Flensburg has a water border in the north with the Danish commune Aubenro .

Administrative Division

Flensburg is divided into 13 districts, each of which is divided into several districts:

Flensburg was supposedly founded at the beginning of the XIII century at the intersection of the so-called leading from west to east . Frisian road and leading from north to south the so-called. The cow’s road was a small trading settlement located on the eastern shore of the Flensburg Fjord. According to ancient legend, the city was founded by a Lek knight named Fleno, who settled in the area of ​​the present church of St. John and levied duties .

In 1284, Flensburg received city ​​law from the Duke of Waldemar IV. At the same time, with the construction of the church of St. Mary began the development of the west coast of the harbor. By the middle of the XIV century, the eastern and western settlements had grown together, after which the city was surrounded by a fortified wall , from which today there is only a small fragment near the central square and the Northern Gate is a symbol of the city.

In 1460, Flensburg finally fell under the Danish crown , which was the result of the Rypen Peace Treaty, which ended the conflict over the ownership of the Duchy of Schleswig .

In the era between joining Denmark and the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, Flensburg experienced a boom . Thanks to close ties with the Danish and Norwegian Hanseatic cities, some of which Flensburg inherited, the city became the richest in all of Denmark. At this time, the Flensburg fleet totaled about 200 ships . The arrival of the Luther Reformation in Flensburg belongs to the same period ( 1526 ). As a result of the Thirty Years and the Northern Wars, Flensburg quickly fell into decay. During this period of time, the city was subjected to occupation and devastation five times ( 1627 , 1643 , 1647 , 1658 and 1713 ). In 1721, the Flensburg fleet consisted of only 9 ships.

The revival of Flensburg began at the end of the 18th century thanks to first Baltic and then all-European trade. In 1795, Flensburg already had 295 ships that brought raw materials ( tobacco , cane sugar , etc.) even from the Caribbean region . However, this period in the history of Flensburg as a result of the continental blockade in the era of the Napoleonic Wars was short-lived.

In the middle of the 19th century, Flensburg again twice became the scene of hostilities. In 1848 - 1851 and in 1864 there were Danish-Prussian wars , which claimed the lives of many Flensburgers. On April 9, 1848, a battle between Danish troops and German militias took place in the Flensburg district of New Town, which ended in a victory for Danish weapons. A monument has been erected in Flensburg to commemorate this event. As a result of the war of 1864, Flensburg became part of the Kingdom of Prussia , and in 1871 it became part of the German Empire .

After the economic upsurge and political stability of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the First World War turned out to be a strong blow to Flensburg, after which a referendum on reunification with Denmark was held in 1920 , according to which Flensburg remained German. During the Nazi dictatorship in Flensburg in 1938, a Jewish pogrom (“ Crystal Night ”) took place. World War II brought Flensburg relatively little destruction, but many of its inhabitants died on the battlefields. From May 3 to 23, 1945 in Flensburg, the last Nazi government of Germany was located under the leadership of Admiral Karl Dönitz .

As a result of so-called. Thanks to the development of its industry ( beer , shipbuilding sectors, etc.) , Flensburg was able to achieve a certain economic success due to the economic miracle of the 1950s .

Since May 5, 1952, the Federal Highway Administration has been located in Flensburg.

City Council

The legislature of Flensburg is the City Council , consisting of 43 deputies . The president of the council is at the same time the official city head, and the council itself, respectively, is the highest local authority. The city council is elected for 5 years and acts on an ongoing basis. The electoral threshold is 3.00%.

City Administration

The executive branch of Flensburg is the City Administration . The head of the executive branch - the mayor-mayor - is elected by popular vote for a term of 5 years. The last election was held on November 14, 2004 . 59.50% of the votes as the chief mayor were elected Christian Democrat Klaus Choischner.

Religion

• Lutheran Church - 18 temples (6 of them with service in Danish )
• Other Protestants ( Methodists , Adventists , etc.) - 6 temples
• Roman Catholic Church - 2 Temples
• Sunni Islam - 2 mosques
• Jewish community that does not have its own synagogue
• Orthodox community that does not have its own church (service at 9:00 on the first Saturday of every month at St. Petri Church at Bauer Landstraße 17)
• Armenian community not having its own temple
• Mormon community
• Jehovah's Witnesses , whose center is not in Flensburg, but in the neighboring village of Harrisle
• Masonic community with its own lodge

Monuments

• Monument to the Flensburgians who fell in the Franco-Prussian War - an obelisk crowned with a metal eagle in the territory of Tivoli Park
• Monument to General Karl von Wrangel - installed in 1903 in the City Park
• Monument to the Flensburgians who fell in the Prussian-Danish War - is an obelisk and is located in a small square in the north of the city
• Monument to the Fallen in the Flensburg Battle of 1848 - located in the New Town
• Monument to the victims of the dictatorship - erected in Carlisle Park , which in 1933 - 1945 was called Adolf Hitler Square ; this fact symbolizes the flensburgers' rejection of Nazi ideology
• Monument to soldiers of the Red Army - located in the cemetery "Hill of Peace" at the mass grave of 108 Soviet soldiers tortured to death in a Nazi concentration camp
• Flensburg Tram Monument - This is a fragment of the tram tracks that used to be part of the turning ring of tram route No. 1

Theaters

The following theaters operate in Flensburg:

• "Schleswig-Holstein State Theater and Symphony Orchestra" - a long-distance theater ensemble , performing constantly in 12 cities of Schleswig-Holstein; the administration is located in Schleswig, the orchestra and ballet in Flensburg; exists in a modern form since 1974 ^[10]
• The Little Theater in Flensburg - Danish-speaking theater ^[11]
• Flensburg's Lower German Stage - a theater with performances in the Low German language ; exists since 1920 ^[12]
• “Russian-German Stage of Flensburg” - a theater with performances in Russian and German; exists since 2003 ^[13]
• The Pilkentafel Theater Workshop - a private theater that settled in Flensburg in 1998 with performances especially for children and separately for adults ^[14]
• “Orpheus Theater” - a theater of all genres ^[15]

In addition, there is a theater school ^[16] .

Music

• Flensburg Choir named after Bach ”- founded in 1906 a choir of classical music ^[17]
• Flensburg Folk Music Club ^[18]
• Flensburg City Brass Band ^[19]
• Flensburg Institute Orchestra - Orchestra consisting of students from the Flensburg Institute ^[20]
• Flensburg Police Choir - consisting of the Flensburg Police Choir ^[21]
• “South Schleswig Symphony Orchestra” - Danish Symphony Orchestra ^[22]
• Flensburg Music Friends Society ^[23]

In addition, there is a music school ^[24] .

Museums

• Museum Mountain is a conglomerate of two museums: local history and fine art ^[25]
• “Art and K °” - Museum of Modern Fine Art ^[26]
• "Museum of Natural History" - a museum that provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the Schleswig-Holstein nature ^[27]
• "Phenomenon" is a museum of technology where every visitor has the opportunity to try one or another exhibit ^[28]
• “Museum of Shipping” - a museum on the history of Flensburg shipping ; has a branch for the history of Flensburg rum ^[29]

Public Libraries and Archives

• City Library - Central City Library ^[30]
• “Land Central Library” - the central library of Schleswig-Holstein ^[31]
• “Danish Central Library” - the central library of the Danish minority in Germany; with it the Danish archive ^[32]
• City Archive - Central Flensburg Archive ^[33]

Cinemas

• "51st step" - a cinema showing rare and intellectual films ^[34]
• UCI Kinovelt is a city cinema showing mass films ^[35]

Festivals

• Flensburg Courtyard Culture - a festival of traditional Flensburg music, theater and cabaret ; takes place in late July / early August ^[36]
• “FolkBaltika” - folk music festival of the Baltic region; Held in April ^[37]
• Flensburg Short Film Days - a contemporary short film festival; takes place in October ^[38]

Parks

• City Park - Central Flensburg Park, has a large pond ; in the park there is a monument to General Karl von Wrangel
• "Christiansen Park" - a former private landowner garden , in urban ownership since the early 1990s, has a cascade of ponds; the park houses the former coachman’s house, a stable , a mill , as well as a grotto where the mummy brought by Flensburg archaeologists from Egypt is located
• “Luther Park” - a park located in the center of Flensburg, named after Martin Luther ; its slope is very popular, blooming in the spring with thousands of crocuses
• “Tivoli Park” - rather a square, located near the city center, named after the Italian amusement park ; on its territory is a monument to the Flensburgians who fell in the Franco-Prussian War
• “Carlisle Park” - a park located in front of the city train station, named after the flensburg twin city of Carlisle , in 1933–1945 was called “ Adolf Hitler Square” ; in the park there are monuments to the Flensburg tram and the victims of the dictatorship .
• "People's Park" - the main park on the eastern side of the fjord; on its territory are the central city stadiums

On the outskirts of Flensburg there are also small parks called "Civil" and "them. Conga Arrildshoya. "

An important element of the city ​​is the autochthonous Danish minority, numbering several thousand people, whose center is located in the "Flensburg House" ("Flensborghus") in Flensburg. It houses the Danish political party Union of South Sleshvzig Voters , created in 1948 , which was represented in the first post-war German Bundestag , in all but one convocation of the Schleswig-Holstein State Parliament and in all Flensburg city councils, and other public organizations of this national minority. The city has Danish schools, a clinic and churches. The Danish-language newspaper is published ^{[39] [40] [41]} .

The following large enterprises are located in the city:

• large brewery " Flensburg brewery limited liability company Emil Petersen and company "
• one of the factories of the Danish company Danfoss
• one of the factories of the pharmaceutical company “ Kvayser ”
• one of the factories of the Krones Workers Society
• one of the factories of the company " Lufthansa "
• one of the factories of the Japanese company Mitsubishi (produces paper )
• one of the factories of the American company Motorola (until 2013)
• one of the factories of the Dutch company Fersatel
• shipyard of the Flensburg Shipbuilding Society
• factory of the local cement enterprise “ Building materials - Jacob cement ”
• factory of the local machine-building enterprise “Flensburg Engineering Society”
• Flensburg TPP
• factory of a network of erotic products " Beate Uze "
• factory of a network of erotic products "Orion"

In addition, the city is brightly represented by medium and small enterprises (for example, the silver manufactory of Robbe and Berking ^[42] ).

In Flensburg, Motorola launched the world's first mobile phones of the GSM standard, and later the first third-generation mobile phones of the UMTS standard .

Flensburg belongs to the cross-border economic region of the European Union South Jutland-Schleswig .

As of April 2007 , the unemployment rate in Flensburg was 13.4%, which is higher than the average for Schleswig-Holstein by 4.6% and Germany by 3.9% ^[43] .

There are 14 city bus lines in the city, one of which leads to neighboring Glucksburg. Ещё 16 линий междугородного автобуса соединяют Фленсбург с датскими Обенро , Падборгом и Сённерборгом , а также немецкими Купфермюле , Нибюллем , Хандевитом , Бредштедтом , Хузумом , Килем , Эггебеком , Затрупом , Шлезвигом , Каппельном , Хусби , Вестерхольцом и Нойкирхеном . С 1931 года существует Центральный автовокзал , через который проходит большинство автобусных маршрутов.

Кроме того Фленсбург связан железной дорогой с Килем , Гамбургом , Хузумом и датским Орхусом . До 1981 года также действовала теперь уже закрытая ветка Фленсбург — Нибюлль. В городе находятся два железнодорожных вокзала — Центральный ( 1929 года постройки) и открытый, безнавесный в районе Разъезд. Оба в состоянии принимать скоростные поезда ICE , EC и IC . В зале ожидания центрального вокзала находится панно немецкого художника Вильгельма Войгта .

Из фленсбургского порта с ранней весны по раннюю зиму ходят регулярные паромные рейсы в датский посёлок Коллун . На западе города находится аэродром «Дом чабана », предназначенный для мелких военных и гражданских самолётов ^[44] .

В 1881 — 1973 годах в городе существовал трамвай , сначала на конной тяге , а с 1906 года — электрический. Имелось три линии (с 1943 — две), которые связывали центральный вокзал с городским пляжем , вокзал с школой подводников и порт с теннисными кортами на западе Фленсбурга. Трамвай был ликвидирован с целью создания в центре города пешеходной зоны. Единственное напоминание о нём сохранилось вблизи вокзала в виде части колеи . В 1943 — 1957 годах также существовал один маршрут троллейбуса , который заменил собой одну из линий трамвая. Кроме того с 1885 по 1953 год Фленсбург располагал двумя узкоколейками , связывавшими его с Каппельном и Рундхофом . Существовал даже свой собственный узкоколейный вокзал, который прекратил своё существование вместе с утерей своего предназначения. Сейчас вместо узкоколеек построены автомобильные дороги, одна из них — часть федеральной дороги № 199.

Через Фленсбург проходят две дороги федерального значения — № 199 и 200. Город связан с расположенным вблизи автобаном A7 , ведущим от датской до австрийской границы.

Генеральное консульство

  Во Фленсбурге с 1 января 1987 года находится одно из трёх расположенных в Германии генеральных консульств королевства Дания ^[45] . С 20 июля 1920 по 31 декабря 1986 года действовало просто консульство.

Международные организации

С 1980-х во Фленсбурге находится резиденция Генерального секретаря («Секретариат») Федералистского Союза Европейских Национальнальных Меньшинств (ФСЕНМ) — организации, основанной в 1949 и курирующей проблемы национальных меньшинств на территории Европы. В городе так же проходили три конгресса этой организации — 11-й ( 1962 ), 31-й ( 1987 ) и 38-й ( 1993 ). На данный момент в состав ФСЕМН входят 84 организации, представляющие интересы нацменьшинств в 32 европейских странах ^[46] . С 2004 года ежегодно в первое воскресенье сентября проходит Европейский марафон меньшинств , посвящённый национальным меньшинствам ^[47] .

Города-побратимы

Во Фленсбурге выходят шесть газет и один журнал :

• «Flensburger Tageblatt» («Фленсбургская ежедневная газета») — ежедневная газета на немецком языке, выходит с 1865 ^[50]
• «Flensborg avis» («Фленсбургская газета») — ежедневная газета на датском языке, выходит с 1869 ; самая старая не-немецкая газета в Германии ^[51]
• «Die Wochenschau» («Недельная хроника») — еженедельная рекламно-информационная газета на немецком языке
• «Moin Moin» (≈"Привет Привет") — еженедельная рекламно-информационная газета на немецком языке
• «Flensburg Journal» («Фленсбургский журнал») — еженедельная газета на немецком языке
• «Campuszeitung» («Университетская газета») — студенческая газета на немецком языке
• «Partout» («Везде») — журнал на немецком языке

Город располагает собственным телевизионным каналом — «Открытым каналом Фленсбург» ^[52] . В городе так же находится самая старая, основанная в 1950 региональная студия главного северонемецкого телеканала NDR на территории Шлезвиг-Гольштейна ^[53] . В 1928 — 1957 в районе Йюргенсби находилась радиовышка, с помощью которой, в частности, в 1945 адмирал Дёниц сообщил своим согражданам о капитуляции. В настоящее время заменена более мощной радиовышкой на Лисьей горе на востоке города.

• Обнаруженный 11 ноября 1998 уроженцем Фленсбурга Норбертом Эрингом астероид был назван 14632 Фленсбург ^[54]

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• Official page
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