Verkhovaya ravine is a botanical natural monument of regional significance, located in the Kinelsky and Krasnoyarsk districts of the Samara region . A large ravine-girder system with a watercourse at the bottom of the ravine - the right tributary of the Padovka River. A natural reserve of a high diversity of plant communities, a habitat for about 20 species of rare and endangered plants. It has a scientific, aesthetic value, serves to protect the price and gene pool.
| Horse Ravine | |
|---|---|
 ravine view | |
| IUCN Category III ( Natural Monument ) | |
| basic information | |
| Square | 72 ha |
| Established | November 3, 1987 |
| Management organization | Ministry of Natural Resources of the Samara Region |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Samara Region |
| Nearest town | Kinel |
Content
General Information
The natural monument was created by the decision of the executive committee of the Kuibyshev Regional Council of People’s Deputies dated 03.11.1987 No. 386 “On the approval of natural objects of the region by state nature monuments of local importance”. Subsequently, the status was confirmed and clarified by Decrees of the Government of the Samara Region dated December 23, 2009 No. 722 "On approval of the Regulations on Specially Protected Natural Territories of Regional Importance" and No. 478 dated September 13, 2013 "On Amending the Resolution of the Government of the Samara Region dated December 31, 2009 No. 722 “On the Approval of Provisions on Natural Monuments of Regional Importance” ” [1] .
The purpose of the monument is to preserve the natural reserve of the high coenotic diversity of plant communities, protect populations of about 20 species of rare and endangered plants, and also monitor the dynamics and settlement of more than 100 plant species. The natural monument has a scientific, aesthetic and resource conservation value [1] .
Physico-geographical characteristics
A natural ravine is a large ravine - an ancient beam with a characteristic transverse profile, stretching from the northwest to southeast for a little more than 2 km. At the bottom of the ravine, the watercourse is the right tributary of the Padovka River
The natural monument consists of one plot of 72 hectares approximately 2.7 km north-east of the village of Chubovka and is located within the boundaries of the rural settlement of Chubovka (9.71 ha) in the Kinelsky district and the rural settlement of Shilan (62.29 ha) in the Krasnoyarsk district of the Samara region. The territory belongs to the High Volga region in the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Plain near the source of the Padovka River, the left tributary of the Samara River [1] .
Of the total area of the natural monument, forests occupy 17.9 hectares, the rest (54.1 hectares) - steppes [2] .
Climate
The climate is continental with hot summers and cold winters. The average January temperature is −13.5 ° C, the average July temperature is 20.5 ° C. The average annual temperature is +3.8 ° С, the sum of active temperatures is 2550 ° С. The frost-free period lasts about 137 days, the last spring frosts occur in the first ten days of May, and the early autumn ones - at the end of September. The average daily temperature above 0 ° C is set around April 5 [3] [4] [5]
The average annual precipitation in the zone is 387 mm, reaching 450 mm in some years, of which an average of 257 mm falls in the warm period (April-October). A stable snow cover appears at the beginning of the third decade of November. Snow cover reaches a height of 25-30 cm, usually disappears in mid-April [3] [4] .
Geology, geomorphology, and soil cover
The territory of the monument is part of the province of the High Trans-Volga, is an elevated plain, with deep and deep river valleys, the watershed above which rise to 100-150 meters. The network of minor valleys and ravines greatly complicates the relief, in the formation of which karst forms also take part [3] [5]
The territory is composed of rocks of the Permian period , mainly deposits of the Tatar layer : red-colored sandy-clay stratum with interlayers of mottled marls , gray limestones and dolomites . Sandstones play a small role. In the lower part of the section, thin layers of gypsum and anhydrite are found . The Kazanian tier is even deeper represented by limestone and gypsum [3] [4] [5] .
The soil is mainly represented by valley (terrace) chernozems [4] .
Hydrology
The stream flowing along the bottom of the ravine is the first (according to other sources, the second [6] ) tributary that flows into Padovka at the seventh kilometer of its course [7] , and is quite comparable with the strength of the watercourse [8] .
Biological Diversity
On the territory of the natural monument, the watershed slopes are plowed up, although there are still massifs of deciduous forests on them. Alder forests and willows grow in the valley and along the bed of the stream. The steep left slope of the valley, western and southwestern exposure is occupied by a well-preserved rocky steppe with numerous rare plant species [9] . This slope is illuminated by the sun only in the afternoon hours, which is why it is wetter than the rest, which led to a thicker and higher cover of plants than usual in a similar steppe [10] . The vegetation is composed of feather grass and thyme, the main type of feather grass is a beautiful feather , a large, moisture-loving plant, valued as fodder, and therefore found to be on the verge of extinction [7] .
In total, there are 119 species of plants belonging to 30 families and 92 genera on the territory of the natural monument. The most numerous are the representatives of the Asteraceae family - 25 species, legumes ( Fabaceae ) - 12 species, cereals ( Poaceae ) - 11 species, and Rosaceae ( Rosaceae ) - 10 species [7] .
According to biomorphological characteristics, xerophytes - dry-loving plants (46 species, 38.7%) are in the lead on the territory of the natural monument: Alpine aster, Zinger astragalus, Austrian astragalus, Sumy cornflower, European anthropoid, common thyme, dark brown nona. Mesophytes are plants from moderately moistened habitats; they comprise 43 species (36.1%): crown-bearing serpent, common yarrow, spherical headed muzzle, rough elecampane. There are also two intermediate groups: xeromesophytes (17.6%) - the Siberian bell, hill violet, Marshall goat-nose, mountain clover, and mesoxerophytes (7.6%) - the alpine gerbil, terrestrial reedbill, horseradish flycatcher, real bedstraw. In this way, the flora of the Upper Gully is equally composed of a mesophytic group (mesophytes + xeromesophytes = 53.7%) and xerophytic (xerophytes + mesoxerophytes = 46.3%). This is explained by the fact that earlier forests grew on the slopes of the ravine, and representatives of the forest and forest edges are still preserved on the concave slopes of the ravine [7] .
More than 20% of plant species are rare in the Samara region, although not all of them are protected [7] .
Natural communities are in a close to natural state. The natural monument is a refugium for representatives of flora and fauna; replenishment of the decaying habitats of neighboring anthropogenic transformed territories takes place [2] .
Rare and Endangered Species
The habitats of plants listed in the Red Book of Russia are known on the territory of the natural monument: feathery feather (Stipa pennata L.) [11] [12] , beautiful feather grass (Stipa pulcherrima C. Koch) [13] , large-flowered penny (Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. ) [14] [15] , Razumovsky’s penny (Hedysarum razoumovianum Fisch. Et Helm) [16] , low iris (Iris pumila L) [17] [18] .
Also numerous are the plants included in the Red Book of the Samara Region : Alpine aster (Aster alpinus L.) [19] [20] , Isetian scabiosis (Scabiosa isetensis L.) [21] , tansy tansy (Tanacetum sclerophyllum (Krasch.) Tzvel.) [22] , alyssum Lensky (Alyssum lenense Adams) [23] , Volga astragalus (Astragalus wolgensis Bunge) [24] , Zinger astragalus (Astragalus zingeri Korsh.) [25] , yellow flax (Linum flavum L.) [26] , Schell sheep (Helictotrichon Schellianum (Hack.) Kitag.) [27] , spring adonis (Adonis vernalis L.) [28] [29] , open cross (Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill.) [30] , two-spikeled conifer ( Ephedra distachya L.) [31] , marsh flesh (Hammarbia paludosa (L.) O. Kuntze) [32] .
Of the representatives of the fauna , mnemosyne is listed in the Red Book of the Samara Region [2] .
Territory Protection
The factor of the negative impact of moderate power on the state of the natural monument is an excessive recreational load, as well as hunting [2] . A threat to the natural monument is possible fires [33] . Noticeable damage to the ecosystem of the monument is caused by ongoing grazing. Animals with hooves destroy the turf, which leads to exposure of the soil and its subsequent erosion during rains or melting snow. In addition, many plants do not have time to reproduce, as livestock bites the flowering tops of plants that did not have time to give seeds. Beans are primarily affected [7] .
On the territory of the natural monument, any activity that entails a violation of its preservation is prohibited, in particular: cutting of forest stands, harvesting of wood; plowing of land and other work related to violation of the integrity of the soil cover; construction of buildings and structures, construction of roads, pipelines, power lines and other communication lines; landfills, storage and disposal of waste; land reclamation, hydro construction; accommodation of summer cattle camps, summer milks, places of cattle watering; grazing small cattle ; hunting , as well as the placement of hunting facilities; industrial and commercial harvesting of non-timber forest resources, food forest resources and collection of medicinal plants; growing forest fruit, berry, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, creating forest plantations and their exploitation; the use of toxic chemicals to protect and protect forests and agricultural land; warehousing, storage, transshipment, destruction of pesticides, agrochemicals, other chemicals and fuels and lubricants; exploration and mining; burning of felling residues, crop residues in the fields; the movement of vehicles off-road, with the exception of the movement necessary to ensure the established regime of a natural monument [33] .
Allowed subject to damage to protected natural complexes: free access to the territory of citizens; collection by citizens for their own needs of non-timber forest resources, food forest resources, medicinal plants ; haymaking and hay pick-up using wheeled vehicles; beekeeping ; limited sanitary cuttings in forest stands as part of sanitary-improving measures, measures for the localization and elimination of foci of pests; forest protection from fires; the use of the territory of the monument in the hunting economy as a reproduction site; limited use of non-toxic pest control in agriculture and forestry ( pheromones , entomophages ); carrying out activities aimed at maintaining and increasing the number of individual animal species [34] .
Science
The rich nature of the ravine has repeatedly become the subject of research by scientists. We studied both the natural monument as a whole [35] [36] and individual plant species, for example, the penny populations of the large-flowered and the rational [37] or the forest anemone [38] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Cadastre ..., 2015 , p. 1159.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Cadastre ..., 2015 , p. 1161.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Zakharov A.S. Soksky Upland-Flat Forest-Steppe Region with Ridge-and-Lumpy Relief // Physical-Geographic Zoning of the Middle Volga Region / ed. Stupishina A.V .. - Kazan: Publishing House. Kazan University, 1964. - S. 165-171. - 197 p. - 1,500 copies
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Agrochemical characteristics of the soils of the USSR. Volga areas. - M: Nauka, 1966 .-- 359 p.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Milkov F.N. Effect of relief on vegetation and fauna. (Biogeomorphological essays). - M .: Geografgiz, 1953. - 164 p.
- ↑ Materials on the lengths of small rivers of the Middle Volga // Transactions of Kazan. Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vol. 2. A series of energy and water management. Kazan, 1969.418 s.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Volintseva A.; Starkova T. S. Monitoring of the Botanical Natural Monument "Ravine Horse" . Festival of student research and creative work "Student Portfolio" (2005). Date of treatment May 6, 2015.
- ↑ Green Book, 1995 , p. 51-52.
- ↑ Cadastre ..., 2015 , p. 1160.
- ↑ Ilyina N.S., Zadulskaya O.A. The rocky steppe in the ravine Verkhovy // Green Book of the Volga Region: Protected Natural Territories of the Samara Region / Comp. Zakharov A. S., Gorelov M. S. .. - Samara: Prince. Publishing House, 1995. - S. 51-52. - 352 p. - ISBN 5-7575-0465-X .
- ↑ Red Book of the Samara Region. T. 1. Rare species of plants, lichens and fungi / Ed. Corr. RAS G.S. Rosenberg and prof. S.V. Saxonova . - Tolyatti : IEVB RAS , 2007 .-- S. 222. - 372 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-93424-321-1 .
- ↑ Uchaeva O.E., Ilyina N.S. Flora of the natural monument "Gully Verkhovaya" // Studies in the field of natural sciences. - Samara: Publishing House of SSPU, 2005 .-- S. 197 .
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 223.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 128.
- ↑ S.V. Saxonov , N.V. Koneva, S.A. Senator Notes on plant species of the Red Book of the Samara Region // Phyto-diversity of Eastern Europe: journal. - 2007. - No. 4 . - S. 137 . Archived on May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 129.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 144.
- ↑ S.V. Saxonov , N.V. Koneva, S.A. Senator Notes on plant species of the Red Book of the Samara Region // Phyto-diversity of Eastern Europe: journal. - 2007. - No. 4 . - S. 143 . Archived on May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 43.
- ↑ S.V. Saxonov , N.V. Koneva, S.A. Senator Notes on plant species of the Red Book of the Samara Region // Phyto-diversity of Eastern Europe: journal. - 2007. - No. 4 . - S. 114 . Archived on May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 107.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 55.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 63.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 123.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 124.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 166.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 214.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 244.
- ↑ S.V. Saxonov , N.V. Koneva, S.A. Senator Notes on plant species of the Red Book of the Samara Region // Phyto-diversity of Eastern Europe: journal. - 2007. - No. 4 . - S. 173 . Archived on May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 248.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 287.
- ↑ Red Book, 2007 , p. 193.
- ↑ 1 2 Cadastre ..., 2015 , p. 1162.
- ↑ Cadastre ..., 2015 , p. 1163.
- ↑ Employees of the nature department provide methodological assistance to the V.I. Lenin House – Museum in Alakaevka in creating an exhibition exposition. (inaccessible link) . Samara Regional Museum of History and Local Lore P.V. Alabina (August 15, 2013). Date of treatment May 6, 2015. Archived May 18, 2015.
- ↑ Uchaeva O.E., Ilyina N.S. Flora of the natural monument "Gully Verkhovaya" // Studies in the field of natural sciences. - Samara: Publishing House of SSPU , 2005. - S. 195-199 .
- ↑ Bykanova O.V., Ilyina V.N. To the study of the ontogenetic structure of the penny populations of large-flowered (Hedysarum Grandflorum Pall.) And Razumovsky (H. Razoumovianum Fisch. Et Helm) in the Samara Trans-Volga // Materials of the VI International Student Electronic Scientific Conference “Student Scientific Forum”. - 2014.
- ↑ V.N. Ilyina. Some results of studies of coenopopulations of Anemone Sylvestris L. (Ranunculaceae) in the Samara Trans-Volga region // Samara Luka: problems of regional and global ecology: journal. - Samara, 2009. - T. 18 , No. 4 . - S. 159-170 .
Literature
- Register of specially protected natural territories of regional significance of the Samara region / comp. A.S. Pazhenkov. - The Ministry of Nature Management, Forestry and Environmental Protection of the Samara Region. - Samara: Ecoton, 2010. - S. 116-117. - 259 p. - 200 copies.
- Ministry of Forestry, Environmental Protection and Nature Management of the Samara Region. Cadastral business number 83 . - The State Cadastre of Specially Protected Natural Territories of regional and local significance. - Samara, 2015 .-- S. 1158-1173. - 3010 s.
- A consolidated list of specially protected natural areas of the Russian Federation (reference). Part II / Ans. ed. D.M. Foci. - M .: VNIIprirody, 2006 .-- S. 129. - 364 p. - ISBN 5-7640-0031-9 .
- Ilyina N.S., Zadulskaya O.A. Ravine Verkhovaya // Sost: V.I. Matveev and M.S. Gorelov Monuments of nature of the Kuibyshev region. - Kuibyshev: Prince. Publishing House, 1986. - S. 128-129 .