Karaman, Alexander Akimovich

Born on July 26, 1956 in the village of Chobruchi , Slobodzey district , Moldavian SSR in a family of teachers.

In 1978 he graduated from the State Medical Institute in Chisinau with a degree in surgery and neuropathology.

Until 1980, he underwent an internship in hospital No. 4 of Chisinau.

From 1980 to 1982, he worked in Tiraspol as a professor of surgery at a medical school ^[4] .

Since 1982, he became an activist of the CPSU in the Slobodzeysky district and was elected a delegate from this region to the XVII Congress of the Communist Party of the MSSR ^[5] .

From 1982 to 1985 he served in the Soviet Army . He worked as a senior resident in the surgical department at the Abakan Military Hospital ^[6] .

From 1985 to 1986 he worked as a surgeon in the Slobodzey central district hospital ^[4] .

From 1986 to 1990 he was the deputy chief physician of the Slobodzeysky district for public health services ^[4] .

In March 1990, he was elected to the Slobodzeysky district Council of People’s Deputies ^[4] .

In April 1990, he became the 2nd secretary of the Slobodzey district committee of the KPM (for agricultural issues) ^[4] .

In March 1991, the KPM leadership dismissed (with the exception of the CPSU ) ^[4] . Reason: A. A. Karaman's support for the positions of the OSTK and the strike movement in Transdniestria , the refusal to condemn the Transnistrian referenda in the Slobodzeysky district.

On September 2, 1990, among 512 people's deputies of all levels from the left bank of Moldova and the city of Bender (rural, district, city councils, as well as 17 deputies of the Supreme Council (Parliament) of Moldova; all of them are officially elected in the all-Union elections of people's deputies of 1989), accepts Participation in the II Extraordinary Congress of Deputies of all levels of Transnistria, which took place in the village of Parkany (between the cities of Tiraspol and Bender). At this congress, decisions are adopted “On the formation of the Primorsky Soviet Socialist Republic ” ^[5] .

Alexander Karaman is elected by one of 50 deputies ^[7] . The Provisional Supreme Council of the self-proclaimed Transnistrian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic ^[8] . As an exception, as chairman of the Union of Moldovans of Transnistria, he was elected a member of the Presidium of the Provisional Supreme Council of the PMSSSR, consisting of 18 people, divided into three chambers of 6 people (Russian chamber, Ukrainian chamber, Moldovan chamber and representatives of other nationalities). The remaining 17 members of the Presidium had the official status of a deputy of the Supreme Council (Parliament) of Moldova, but refused to participate in its meetings for political reasons ^[7] . Alexander Karaman became chairman of the Moldovan Chamber of the Council of Nationalities, and. about. Chairman of the Council of Nationalities, Deputy Chairman of the Provisional Supreme Council of the Primorsky Soviet Socialist Republic ( Igor Smirnov, chairman of the House of Russians, was elected chairman ^[7] ).

On November 25, 1990, after the first Transnistrian elections of deputies of the Supreme Council of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic (54 people were elected), Alexander Karaman was confirmed as the chairman of the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic, deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic ^[1] , and the deputy chairman of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic ⁽ Primorsky Soviet Socialist Republic ) Andrey Manoilov was approved. At the same time, the Supreme Council of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic was divided into two chambers: the Council of the Republic of the Armed Forces of the Primary Soviet Socialist Republic (27 people) and the Council of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the Permanent Socialist Republic (27 people).

In 1991-1995 he remained a deputy of the PMR Supreme Council. In 1997-2000, Alexander Karaman studied in absentia at the Russian Presidential Academy of Public Administration with a degree in jurisprudence ^[4] .

During the first presidential elections of 1991 and 1996, he ran for the PMR presidential candidate Igor Smirnov as vice president . Both times they won, and for 10 years, Alexander Karaman served as vice president of the Transnistrian Republic ^[4] , ^[3] until December 9, 2001 .

Alexander Karaman in December 2001 put forward his candidacy for the post of President of the PMR, but after 6 days the CEC canceled his application. President Igor Smirnov went to the polls by signing amendments to the PMR Constitution. The changes were previously considered by deputies of the Supreme Council of the PMR, who almost unanimously voted for them. The Constitutional Court ruled that two-thirds of the deputies had every right to amend the text of the PMR Constitution adopted at the 1993 nationwide referendum. The Constitution spoke earlier about the maximum permissible two terms of tenure in power of the head of state. The new candidate for the post of vice president was Sergey Leontyev ^[9] . The decision to cancel the two presidential terms was then confirmed by the Transnistrian people in a constitutional referendum in 2002.

On March 22, 2002, by decree of the President of the PMR, Igor Smirnov, Alexander Karaman was appointed to the post of plenipotentiary of the President of the PMR in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus ^[3] with the rank of Minister ^{[5] [10]} , which he remained until the 2011 presidential election. At the same time, in absentia, Alexander Karaman is studying at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation ^[3] , where he defended his dissertation (with the title of candidate of sciences of the Russian Federation) on the topic: “The Creation and Development of Public Entities in the Former Soviet Union as an Example of Unrecognized States: Transnistria , Abkhazia , South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh ” ^[11] .

At the same time, he was an adviser to the chairman of the Supreme Council of the PMR (from August 2003 to July 2009) and an adviser to the special representative of the PMR Supreme Council on inter-parliamentary relations (from February 2006 to July 2009) ^[4] . He was also an adviser to the President of the PMR on legal issues (since July 2009 ^[4] ).

In January 2012, when the new president, Yevgeny Shevchuk , came to power, Alexander Karaman became an unemployed opposition politician, and his opponent was appointed in his place since 1991, who accused him of all kinds of crimes in his books during the 1990-2000s, writer (retired colonel) Mikhail Bergman .

In 2012, Alexander Karaman created and headed the Rodina Transnistrian party ^[3] , ^[11] (de facto a branch of the all-Russian Rodina party) based on the unions of opposition ^[3] to the new president of the republic’s parts of the Transnistrian parties, “ Narodnaya Volya ”and the Patriotic Party of Transnistria ^[12] , which announced their self-dissolution. Administrative pressure has begun to exert pressure on the united opposition party ^[13] , its website on the territory of the PMR has been blocked by all Transnistrian providers since 2013 without any court decisions or written instructions from the authorities, and it can only be accessed from the territory of the PMR through means of bypassing locks ^[14] , ^[15] .

On January 13, 2017, he was appointed to the post of Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic in the Russian Federation ^[16] .

During the crisis in Ukraine, Alexander Karaman, among other Transnistrian politicians who are opposed to the current PMR leadership, joined the team of Vladimir Antyufeev (more than 30 people) ^[3] and arrived in Donetsk in June 2014 , where he joined the Government on July 21, 2014 Donetsk People's Republic in the rank of Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers for Social Affairs of the Donetsk People's Republic .

In the period from August 15 ^{[17] [18]} to August 28, 2014 ^[19] he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Donetsk People’s Republic .

On May 29, 2015, he was the chairman of the State Commission for the Reconstruction of the Social Sphere, Livelihood Facilities and the Organization of Work with Humanitarian Goods, which reports to the Center for the Reconstruction of the DNI.

On May 30, 2015, a criminal case No. 0212015173000162001 was instituted against Alexander Karaman against the prosecutor of the DPR, in which he was charged with kidnapping (Article 127, part 2 of the Criminal Code). On June 26, 2016, the Donetsk Internal Affairs Directorate officially put Alexander Karaman on the wanted list because he was hiding from the prosecutor’s office and pasted his photographs on the stands “They are wanted by the police.” According to one version, the case was initiated personally by Alexander Zakharchenko because of a quarrel over humanitarian aid from Russia (A. Karaman, being the chairman of the state commission for the reception and distribution of humanitarian aid, revealed facts of the plundering of Russian humanitarian aid by the former head of the DPR Ministry of Labor and Social Policy Lyagina R.V.). He was forced to hastily leave for the Russian Federation, where he took up teaching at the Department of Constitutional and International Law at the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. ^[20]

Alexander Karaman is included in the EU sanctions list (published September 12, 2014) ^{[21] [22]} . In addition, Alexander Karaman is included in the US sanctions list (published March 11, 2015) ^[23] .

• Order of the Republic (1995).
• State Prize in the field of science and technology of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic ^[4] .
• Order of Labor Glory (PMR) (July 19, 2011) ^[24] .
• Medal "For Impeccable Service" (PMR) 3 degrees (July 19, 2001) ^[25] .
• Medal "10 years of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic" ^[26] .