Ayat Vilayat

Many Sunni and Shiite collections indicate that this ayah was sent down about Ali ibn Abu Talib ^[2] .

Hadith of the Pauper

In its various versions, this hadith is attributed to Abu Zarr Giffari, Mikdad , Abu Rafa , Ammar Yassir , Abdullah ibn Salam , Amr ibn al-Asu , Abdullah ibn Abbas , Bilal , Jarir ibn Abdullah Ansari , Anas ibn Alibu Aliba ^3] .

In various variations of the hadith, which serves as a commentary on the circumstances of the sending ( asbab an-nuzul ) of this ayah, it is said that during the day prayer of zuhr , when the companions prayed together with the prophet Muhammad , a beggar entered the mosque , who began to ask people for help. However, no one gave him any alms. And then the beggar lifted his hands to heaven, exclaiming: “Oh, Allah! Witness that I was not helped in the mosque of Your prophet. ” At that moment, Ali ibn Abu Talib was in a state of waist bow (hand) and with a sign he pointed to the beggar on the ring on his own finger, which the beggar removed from him. When the Prophet Muhammad saw this, he said: “Oh, Allah ! My brother Musa addressed you with a prayer saying: “Expand my chest, and lighten my business, and untie the knot in my tongue, let them take my speech, and give me an assistant from my family - Harun, my marriage!” Oh, Lord, You accepted his prayer, saying: “We will strengthen your muscle with your brother!” Lord! I am Muhammad! I am Your Prophet and chosen by You! Lord, expand my chest and lighten my work, and give me an assistant from my family (min ahli) - Ali, my brother! ”After that, according to Abu Zarr, Gibril appeared, addressing the Prophet Muhammad with congratulations:“ Oh, Muhammad ! I congratulate you on what was given to your brother Ali, ”after which the ayat of Vilayat was sent down ^[4] .

Sources Containing the Hadith of the Pauper

• Abu Ishaq Sa'Labi , Al-Kashf wa-l-Bayan;
• As-Suyut , Ad-durr al-Mansur;
• Balazari , Ansab al-ashraf;
• Wahidi , Asbab an-Nuzul;
• Ibn Asakir , Tarih al-Dimashq;
• Ibn Kassir , Al-Bidaya wa-n-nihaya;
• Ibn Magazali Shafi'i , Manakib;
• Ibn Mardavayh , Fadail;
• Ibn Hajar Askalani , Al-Kaf al-Shaf;
• Muttaki Hindi , Kans al-Ummal;
• Muhaddis Tabarani , Mu'jam al-Wasit;
• Muhibb Tabari , Zahair al-Ukba, Ar-riyad al-Nazar;
• Sabit ibn Juzi , Tazkirat;
• Hakim Nishaburi , Ma'rifat al-ulum al-hadith wa-l-fiqh;
• Hakim Hasakani , Shawahid al-Tanzil;
• Khatib Khorezmi , Manakib;
• Khorasani , Faraid al-Samtayn ^[3] .

Al-Safi mentions that the Prophet Muhammad read this verse when he declared Ali ibn Abu Talib his successor during a farewell hajj near the town of Gadir Khum , and that Imam Ali himself repeatedly quoted this verse in support of his right to leadership ^[5] .

Allam Tabatabai in the tafsir Al-Mizan transmits the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad from Ammar Yasser, according to which the Prophet Muhammad uttered the following words after the episode with a beggar and a ring, followed by the sending of the verse Vilayat:

Various exegetes and hadith scholars explained the phenomenon in different ways that although the ayah is revealed about one person - Ali ibn Abu Talib, it nonetheless uses the plural.

So, the famous exeget (mufassir) az-Zamakhshari in his taffir “Kashshaf” notes that the plural in this case serves as a call to follow the example of Ali ibn Abu Talib, addressed to other people ^[7] .

According to another interpretation, the plural in this case indicates the importance of this person, which is a stylistic device common to the Arabic language, repeatedly used both in the Qur'an text and in the practice of word usage in general ^[8] .

• Almat Absalikov, “The Truth of Shiism”, Iran, Qum: “Ansarian”.
• Quran, translation M.-N. Osmanova.
• The Light of the Holy Quran (clarification and interpretation), Volume 3, Center for Islamic Studies Imam Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (DBM), Isfahan.