Organ and tissue donation is a voluntary donation of their own organs and (or) tissues in favor of both a particular person and an indefinite number of people. Organ and tissue donation can be intravital and posthumous. The most common and accessible for a wide range of population type of organ and tissue donation is blood donation. But due to a much simpler procedure, it is allocated in a separate form.
The process of intravital organ and tissue donation technically includes the following steps:
- The donor undergoes a medical examination for the absence of contraindications to donation;
- If the donation is carried out in favor of a specific person, then the biological compatibility of the donor and the recipient is checked;
- A donor (as well as a recipient, if one already exists) is prepared for surgery for organ transplantation; the possible consequences of transplantation for the donor and recipient are being studied; necessary documents are drawn up and final consent for transplantation is obtained;
- Transplant surgery is performed.
General Provisions
(accepted in the USA )
Federal and state laws require the familiarization and consent of family members with the condition of the patient's criteria for brain death and the possibility of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. The following information is intended to help relatives understand the general provisions on donation and tissue transplantation, which should be reported to family members:
- individual or all possible organs may be removed for transplantation or not for transplantation
- organ removal will not interfere with the funeral ritual in an open coffin (will not entail a change in the appearance of the body of the deceased)
- family members can receive information on the fate of all organs seized.
In Russia, there is currently a complete legal framework for organ donation. The fundamental document is the transplant law. It clearly states that organs cannot be the subject of sale, it states which organs and tissues are not the subject of procurement, the structure of the presumption of consent is also spelled out [1] . There is a law on the protection of the health of citizens, according to which each citizen can express his will [2] . In 2015, amendments to the law on the protection of the health of citizens of the Russian Federation were adopted, which provide explanations on the organization, accounting and financing of organ and tissue transplants in the Russian Federation [3] .
The law authorizing child donation has been prepared and is in the government of the Russian Federation. Academician Leo Bokeria, chief cardiac surgeon of the Ministry of Health, director of the Bakulev Scientific Center for Health and Wellness, commenting on the new document, said that this will significantly increase the patients' chances of receiving a donor organ, since now you don’t have to wait for foreign transplants, so you can’t rely on a donor heart from another country, because it it has a critical preservation time, and also because in all countries a moratorium on heart transplantation has been introduced to foreigners, and organs are sorely lacking everywhere [4] .
See also
- Blood donation
- Organ cultivation
- Xenograft
Notes
- ↑ Article 8 of the Law on the transplantation of organs and (or) human tissues, No. 4180-1 of December 22, 1992, as amended.
- ↑ Article 47 of the Federal Law on the Basics of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation, No. 323-ФЗ dated November 21, 2011 with subsequent revisions.
- ↑ http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/39920
- ↑ Child donation will be allowed in Russia - News