Friedrich Hund ( Friedrich Hund) ; February 4, 1896 , Karlsruhe - March 31, 1997 , Göttingen - German physicist . Participant in the development of the method of molecular orbitals .
| Frederick Hund | |
|---|---|
| him Friedrich hund | |
 Frederick Hund, Göttingen ~ 1925 | |
| Date of Birth | February 4, 1896 |
| Place of Birth | Karlsruhe |
| Date of death | March 31, 1997 (101 year) |
| Place of death | Goettingen |
| A country | Germany |
| Scientific field | physics |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | |
| supervisor | Max born |
| Awards and prizes | Max Planck Medal (1943) Cotenius Medal (1971) |
Biography
In 1925, he taught at the University of Gottingen . In 1929-1946 Professor of the University of Leipzig , in 1946-1951. - Jena University , in 1951-1956. - University in Frankfurt am Main, since 1956 - University of Gottingen .
Scientific Activities
Major works on quantum mechanics, spectroscopy (systematics of atomic and molecular spectra), magnetism and the history of physics. In 1925, he established empirical rules in atomic physics, which allow describing the states of the electron configurations of atoms that now bear his name: the Hund rules. In chemistry, the first of these rules is especially important and is often referred to simply as a Hund rule .
The most important scientific works of Hund are devoted to quantum mechanics, spectroscopy (systematics of atomic and molecular spectra), magnetism, quantum chemistry, the history of physics.
In 1927, Hund formulated rules of thumb governing the order in which atomic orbitals are filled with electrons (Hund rules). Introduced (1931) ideas about pi and sigma electrons and about pi and sigma bonds in molecules. Investigated the laws of interaction of angular moments in diatomic molecules (Hund cases).
In 1928-1932 He took part (along with R. S. Mulliken and J. E. Lennard-Jones) in the development of the basic method of quantum chemistry - the method of molecular orbitals. The method is based on the assumption that the external electrons of a molecule, which determine many of its important properties, are not located on the orbitals of individual atoms, but on the orbitals belonging to the molecule as a whole.
Literature
- Khramov Yu. A. Hund Friedrich (Hund Friedrich) // Physics: A Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Science , 1983. - p. 292. - 400 p. - 200 000 copies (in the lane)