Skyrer, Fedde

From 1904 ^[5] Skayrer lived in the Frisian fishing village of Lemmer ^[6] and from an early age worked as a carpenter ^[7] . Independently in the evenings, he studied to become a school teacher, and in 1919 he was appointed to teach at a Christian elementary school in Lemmer ^[5] . His wife Willemke "Willie" de Vries also worked at the school. They met earlier when he was still a student of a carpenter, and she carried a newspaper to the workshop ^[8] . Fedde and Willie were married on July 1, 1924. ^[8]

In 1930, because of his open pacifist position, Skyrerer lost his job, he had to move to Amsterdam , where he was assigned to work at a public school. ^{[9] [5]} He was considered a talented orator, his pacifist and socialist views threatened the authorities, and this time around, that the Danish secret service had a dossier on him. ^{[10] [11]} Skayrer joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), in 1935-1936 he was a member of the land assembly of North Holland . ^[5] During the Second World War, he participated in the Danish resistance in Amsterdam, people searched for by the Nazis were temporarily hiding in his house before they could be smuggled out of town secretly. ^[12]

After the war, Skyrerer returned to Friesland, where he lived Heerenveen , and worked as a journalist. ^{[13] [5] [14]}

Like most of the inhabitants of Friesland, the West Frisian language was his mother tongue, and from an early age he used it. ^[15] . When, in several court cases in Friesland in 1950 and 1951, the judge refused to let defendants speak Frisian, ^[16] Skyreer in the newspaper Friese Koerier protested ^{[17] [18]} . After that, he was accused of defaming a judge, and he had to appear in court on Friday, November 16, 1951, in the provincial capital of Leeuwarden , along with another journalist, Tsebbe de Jong, who was accused of the same offense. ^[19] a large crowd gathered in the Seyland Square, in front of the Leeuwarden Palace of Justice. There were also supporters of Skyrerer (among them well-known Friesian writers like Duvi Tammnga , Anna Vadman and Ilsa Botes Falkertsma ), several Frisian nationalists , supporters of the Frisian language in the media (who were not allowed into the courtroom) and a group of students with placards, also many The people from the bazaar, who came just to gape ^[20] , soon the situation got completely out of control and a riot began, later called Kneppelfreed (“Friday Dubinki”, because of the use of batons by the police). ^{[21] [22]} This did not happen in a sleepy Dutch post-war society, and this event caused angry protest rallies throughout Friesland. ^{[23] [24]}

The event was even covered in the foreign press, ^[25] and discussed in Tweede Kamer , the lower house of the Dutch parliament. ^[26] In the end, the country's government from The Hague sent a group of three ministers to Friesland to negotiate with the leaders of the Frisian land, ^[27] which ultimately led to changes in national laws (in 1955 and 1956): the right of the Frizes to use their native language court and giving the Frisian language in the province of Friesland official status Tweede rijkstaal "'(" second national language "). ^{[28] [29]} Kneppelfreed is considered one of the most important milestones in strengthening the West Frisian language. ^[30]

Skyrerer lost his job and had to pay a fine. ^{[31] [32]} From 1956 to 1963, he was in the Dutch national parliament from the Dutch Labor Party. ^[5] He continued to create in poetry. ^[2]

Skyrerer is known both as a poet and prose writer, his prose works are represented in the collection of short stories Beam en Bast (1963), and after his death the autobiography of De Besleine Spegel (1969) was also published. ^[2] Skyrère also composed two theater plays ( Simson (1945, about the biblical character Samson )) and Bonifacius (1954, about San Boniface).

He also worked actively as a translator, was the editor-in-chief of the Frisian text of the Book of Esther in the new Frisian translation of the Bible, in the same period, in 1931, translated and published in Frisian language a collection of poems by Heinrich Heine ^[33]

Fedda Skyrera's heart stopped beating in Heerenveen in 1968, ^[34] he outlived his wife and adopted son Andhries. ^[35]

Poetry

• 1925 - Fersen ("Poems")
• 1931 - Utflecht ("First Flight")
• 1936 - Op Alle Winen ("On Every Wind")
• 1940 - Fen Twa Wâllen ("Not Choosing One Over the Other")
• 1947 - It Boek Psalmen ("The Book of Psalms" - not a translation)
• 1949 - Vox Humana
• 1955 - Frysk Psalm - en Gesangboek ("Frisian Book of Psalms and Songs", rhymed version in Frisian of the Dutch liturgical songbook)
• 1955 - Fingerprinten ("Fingerprints")
• 1966 - Efter it Nijs ("Behind the News")
• 1966 - Opheind en Trochjown ("Caught and Passed On")
• 1966 - De Gitaer by it Boek , part 1 ("The Guitar by the Book")
• 1969 - De Gitaer by it Boek , part 2
• 1974 - Samle Fersen ("Collected Poetry", republished in 1975)

Prose

• 1963 - Beam en Bast ("Tree and Bark", short story collection)
• 1963 - Brood op het Water ("Bread on the Water", collection of Schurer's editorial in the Friese Koerier newspaper, partly in Dutch)
• 1969 - De Besleine Spegel ("The Blurred Mirror", unfinished autobiography, republished in 1998 and 2010)

Dramas

• 1945 - Simson ("Samson", Biblical tragedy)
• 1954 - Bonifacius ("Saint Boniface", historical tragedy)

Translations

• 1931 - Heinrich Heine: Oersettings út Syn Dichtwirk ("Heinrich Heine: Translation from His Poetry")
• 1966 - Book of Esther (translation for the New Frisian Bible Translation)

• Boomsma, Peter R., Kneppelfreed , Franeker (Uitgeverij Van Wijnen), 1998, ISBN 9 05 19 41 838
• Dykstra, Klaes, and Bouke Oldenhof, Lyts Hânboek fan de Fryske Literatuer , Leeuwarden (Afûk), 1997, ISBN 9 07 00 10 526 , pp. 92—95
• Liemburg, Johanneke, Fedde Schurer (1898–1968): Biografie van een Friese Koerier , Leeuwarden (Friese Pers / Noordboek), 2010, ISBN 978-9 03 30 08 689
• Schurer, Fedde, De Besleine Spegel , Amsterdam (Moussault's Uitgeverij NV), 1969 (autobiography)
• Steenmeijer-Wielenga, Tineke, Fedde Schurer , in the Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme de Arbeidersbeweging in Nederland (BWSA), 1987, pp. 146–148