The Fyodor Chaliapin Memorial House-Museum is a memorial museum in Moscow dedicated to the life and work of the artist Fyodor Chaliapin . It was founded in 1988 as a branch of the Russian National Museum of Music . The initiator of the opening was the first wife of the singer Iola Tarnagi, who proposed to the Soviet authorities to organize a memorial house in a mansion of the XVIII century , where the singer lived from 1910 to 1922. The museum’s collection was composed of gifts from relatives and friends of Chaliapin and includes photographs, archival documents, antique furniture and stage costumes [1] .
| Memorial House Museum of Fyodor Chaliapin | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Museum building, 2009 | |||
| Established | 1988 | ||
| opening date | 1988 | ||
| Address | Russia , Moscow , Novinsky Boulevard , 25 | ||
| |||
History
Building
Portrait of Chaliapin by Konstantin Korovin, 1921 | Portrait of Chaliapin by Valentin Serov, 1905 |
The museum is located in one of the few Moscow city estates of the 18th century that survived after the fire of 1812 [1] . The house was built in the 1790s by the tradeswoman K. Bazhenova and subsequently sold to the provincial prosecutor and writer Stepan Zhikharev - a friend of Alexander Pushkin [2] [3] .
Fedor Chaliapin acquired a wooden mansion with stucco decoration in 1910. The house was one-story from the front , while the courtyard housed two-story internal outbuildings . After the acquisition, a full-scale repair was carried out in the house, carried out under the leadership of the first wife of Chaliapin, Iola Tarnagi. The building was rebuilt in the European style : the green roof was decorated with carved chimneys and stucco molding , and decorative vases were installed on the posts of the cast-iron gates. Gas, water supply were installed in the house, a telephone was installed, which was at that time an expensive and rare thing, and bathrooms also appeared. The family was often visited by writers and artists: Maxim Gorky , Leonid Andreev , Maria Yermolova , Alexander Kuprin , Valentin Serov and Sergey Rachmaninov , Ivan Bunin and Konstantin Stanislavsky [4] [5] [6] .
During the First World War , a building for the soldiers organized by Chaliapin was organized in the building. In 1918, the building was nationalized , and as a result of the policy of consolidation , communal apartments arose in it [7] . For this reason, Chaliapin and his family had to move to small rooms on the second floor, nicknamed the " dovecote " [8] [9] . At the same time, the first reports of the looting by the Soviet troops of the property of Chaliapin appeared. In 1920, the artist was forced to turn to the narcotics of education Anatoly Lunacharsky for an order to protect the premises:
| Anatoly Vasilyevich, help! I received a notice from Moscow that some soldiers without a proper mandate were robbing my Moscow apartment. They took away a chest with gifts - silver buckets and so on. They are looking for hospital clothes, as I had a hospital during the war. But I handed out the linen for a long time, but my silver disappeared, as 200 bottles of good wine disappeared.From the memoirs of Fyodor Chaliapin [10] |
In 1978, communal apartments were disbanded and the mansion in disrepair was transferred to the Mikhail Glinka Museum of Musical Culture . During the restructuring of the center of Moscow for the 1980 Olympics, the authorities thought to demolish the house [9] . However, thanks to the initiative of a group of artists, the building was saved. Since 1981, the building has undergone a large-scale restoration, thanks to which it was possible to completely restore the historic interiors. At the beginning of the XXI century, one of the outbuildings was destroyed, and in the surviving gallery of the memorial estate was opened, where exhibitions and public events are held [2] [11] . In 2003, a monument to Chaliapin , made by the sculptor Vadim Tserkovnikov [12], was erected next to the museum.
Museum Opening
The opening of the museum took place on September 24, 1988 [13] at the initiative of the first wife of the artist Iola Tarnagi. The entrance to the museum is through a garden in which, during the life of Chaliapin, small arbors were built next to the planted bushes of linden , lilac and jasmine [14] [15] .
Exposition
The museum’s exposition consists of a collection of the artist’s personal belongings, stage costumes, antique furniture, as well as artworks by Valentin Serov, Konstantin Korovin , Vasily Polenov , Mikhail Nesterov and Mikhail Vrubel and Boris Chaliapin - the artist’s son. The interior rooms were recreated from the memoirs and notes of the daughter of Irina, wife of Iola and the stories of contemporaries [2] [16] .
The permanent exhibition consists of a reconstructed suite of rooms on the first and second floors of the mansion [17] . The entrance hall leads to Iola Chaliapin’s room, where her portrait of Boris Chaliapin’s work, family photographs, wedding ribbons and the landscape of Ayu-Dag Mountain hang [18] . Next door is Chaliapin’s room , which is adjacent to the front and the hall connected to the mezzanines [5] . In the dining room, Chaliapin celebrated successful benefits with his friends - more than thirty people could fit in the table. The exhibition presents the original table, as well as the artwork of Konstantin Korovin. The buffet contains sets of hand-painted and symbols of the imperial family [9] [19] .
In the Green Living Room there is a painting by Irish artist O'Connell, “Portrait of a Gypsy, ” which, according to legend, Chaliapin acquired in Brussels . An old gramophone , a set of records with recordings of opera singers, as well as a genuine artist’s chair from his apartment in Paris , where he spent the last years of his life, are presented here [9] . In this room, a small troupe of the Chaliapin studio, which included Ruben Simonov , Osip Abdulov , Olga Androvskaya , as well as the artist’s children - Lydia and Irina, staged their performances [19] [20] .
Chaliapin’s office was used by the artist to read books located on book shelves. The singer’s family library included books by Alexander Pushkin, Ivan Turgenev , Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare [19] . On the artist’s desk is a portrait of Anton Chekhov [21] . The White Hall is a concert venue where temporary exhibitions and musical evenings take place. In this hall, Chaliapin held rehearsals, which were often attended by other musicians, including Sergey Rakhmaninov, Arseniy Korashchenko , Fedor Köneman and others [18] [20] . From the hall one could get onto the terrace overlooking the front garden [22] .
The rooms on the second floor exhibit awards and gifts received by the artist throughout his life. These include the Order of the Legion of Honor of France , Lithuanian and Bulgarian awards [8] . On mannequins, stage costumes are presented, in which Chaliapin performed throughout the country, and on the walls hang sketches of the scenery of artists Ivan Bilibin and Korovin [18] . Authentic artist's things are exhibited nearby: a hat, playing cards, cigarettes, as well as a Bechstein piano, often played by Rachmaninov [19] [20] .
The last room of the exposition is the billiard room, in which the table of the company “V. K. Schulz ”, presented to Chaliapin by his wife Iola, as well as a large table and telephone [2] .
| Our mansion was furnished simply, but soundly; his main decoration was his father’s library, mainly selected by A. M. Gorky. The luxury in our house was billiards, bought by my mother for my father, who was fond of this game [5] .The daughter of the artist Irina Chaliapin |
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 House-Museum of F.I. Chaliapin . The house-museum of F.I. Chaliapin. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Memorial estate F.I. Chaliapin . Russian National Museum of Music. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Irina Barancheva. Family life of Fedor Chaliapin: Wife of the great singer and her fate . Wiki reading. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Fedosyuk, 1991 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chaliapin, 1959 , p. 534.
- ↑ Moscow of Fyodor Chaliapin: 8 of the oldest buildings where the singer lived and worked . RIA Novosti (September 23, 2013). Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Chaliapin Museum . The house-museum of F.I. Chaliapin. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Fyodor Chaliapin House-Museum on YouTube
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chaliapin House-Museum in Moscow . Tonki.ru. Date of treatment June 5, 2018.
- ↑ Chaliapin, 1990 , p. 379.
- ↑ Memorial estate of F.I. Chaliapin - Russian National Museum of Music . Olympiad.ru Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Chaliapin placed on Novinsky Boulevard . Vesti.ru (July 31, 2003). Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Ivanov, 1988 , p. 12.
- ↑ Chaliapin House Museum. The first own house of the singer . Walks in Moscow. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Chaliapin Manor . Kuda Go (December 12, 2012). Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ City tour of Fedor Chaliapin . Mos.ru (September 9, 2017). Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ "Moscow Guide": The memorial estate of Fedor Chaliapin . Moscow 24 (December 5, 2013). Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 House-Museum of F.I. Chaliapin . Mos-Holidays. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chaliapin Museum . Samovar travel. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Chaliapin Museum in Moscow . Walks in Moscow. Date of treatment June 4, 2018.
- ↑ Chaliapin, 1959 , p. 553.
- ↑ Chaliapin, 1959 , p. 535.
Literature
- Ivanov M. Moscow address of Chaliapin . - Moscow: Worker, 1988. - No. 10 . - S. 12 .
- Fedosyuk Y. Moscow in the Garden Ring. - Moscow: Moscow Worker, 1991 .-- S. 134. - 496 p. - ISBN 5-239-01139-7 .
- Chaliapin F. I. Pages from my life. Mask and soul. - Moscow: Book Chamber, 1990 .-- S. 379. - 500 p. - ISBN 978-5-534-05219-0 .
- Chaliapin I.F. - Moscow: State Publishing House "Art", 1959. - S. 534. - 821 p.
Links
- Museum page on the official website of the Russian National Museum of Music
- Museum Documentary
- Moscow estate of Fyodor Chaliapin