Vyazhlinsky, Nikolai Konstantinovich

According to unconfirmed reports, comes from an Orthodox spiritual family. The surname "Vyazhlinsky" was formed by the name of the village of Vyazhlya, Kirsanovsky district, Tambov province, belonging to the noble family of the Baratynsky .

With the graduation in 1878 of the Tambov provincial city male gymnasium ^{[1] he} arrived in St. Petersburg, where he entered the Medical and Surgical Academy . From his student years he became interested in childhood diseases. After a successful graduation in 1883, the academy was left to "improve" and prepare a study for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He worked at the Department of Children's Diseases, Professor N. I. Bystrov and the Department of Physiology, Professor I. P. Pavlova .

In 1886 he defended his dissertation on the topic: “On the question of fat absorption in acute catarrh of the small intestines”, after which he took up private practice and at the same time entered the service at the Orphanage and the Christmas School ^[2] .

For many years, he acted as a pediatrician in various charitable institutions of St. Petersburg: St. George Community ^[3] , Imperial Women's Patriotic Society , Shelter for weak and recovering children ^[4] , Elizabethan community of Red Cross Sisters of Mercy ^{[5] [6 ] [6 ] ]} (known in Soviet times as the K. Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Hospital named after K. Liebknecht), D. N. Zamyatin Imperial philanthropic society ^{[7] [8]} .

In 1902, with the rank of state adviser, he was appointed director and chief physician of the Nikolaev Children's Hospital. Shortly before taking office, he spoke of her like this:

“... the first steps of the hospital’s activities began, it seemed, under a happy star”

- Social policy. Medical Review March 15 - 21, 2005 - No. 11 (501) p. 3

Since 1905, he has been a State Councilor.

In those years, the first children's hospital in Russia occupied a relatively modest room in the house No. 30 on Bolshaya Podyachnaya Street (now the rheumatological hospital No. 25 is located in this building ^[9] ). By 1912, by his efforts, by that time the honorary life pediatrician of the imperial court, he had managed to reach a decision on the construction of a new, much more spacious building on Aptekarsky Island . The hospital project was carried out by the architect A. G. Golubkov with the direct participation of N. Vyazhlinsky (he personally supervised all stages of construction). Already in the course of work, in 1912 the hospital was granted Imperial status. Ironically, the new premises of the Imperial Nikolaev Children's Hospital was consecrated at the very end of the empire - in October 1916, and the first patients appeared after the abdication of Nicholas II - in the summer of 1917.

He headed the hospital in a new place for long. Now it is impossible to establish whether he himself did not find a common language with the Bolsheviks, or whether the proletarian authorities mistrusted the former life pediatrician, but in 1922 the hospital was headed by N.I. Krasnogorsky , a very worthy successor. N. Vyazhlinsky himself, for several years, was in charge of the outpatient department in his brainchild.

In the early 30s, he left the service. Colleagues got him a personal pension, which at that time was very rare. Died a doctor of medicine, the last life pediatrician of the imperial court in 1939 in Leningrad. The place of his burial has been lost.

• Wife: Elena Mitrofanovna Vyazhlinskaya - a doctor, before the revolution, for many years, in addition to medical activities, she was the treasurer of an orphanage for them. Zamyamina;
• Daughter: Anna Konstantinovna Vyazhlinskaya;
• Sister: Maria Konstantinovna Vyazhlinskaya - director of the Lipetsk girls' gymnasium ^[10] .

• Order of St. Anne 1st Art.
• Order of St. Stanislav 1st Art.
• Order of St. Vladimir 3rd Art. (1892)
• medal “In memory of the reign of Emperor Alexander III”
• medal “In memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty”

The works of N.K. Vyazhlinsky are few. Most often these are scientific translations and historical essays:

• Vyazhlinsky N. K. On the question of fat absorption in acute catarrh of the small intestines: (Microscope. Issled.): Dis. on the step. Dr. med. Nikolay Vyazhlinsky ... Pediatrician. clinics prof. N. I. Bystrova at Imp. Military Medical Acad. / From Patol.-anatomist. cab. prof. N.P. Ivanovsky. - SPb. : type of. Dep. inheritance, 1886. - 56 p.
• Séjourne. The value of teething in childhood pathology / per. with french N. Vyazhlinsky. - SPb. : type of. Dep. inheritance, 1885. - 120 p.
• Zali G. Topographic percussion in children / trans. with him. Dr. P.N. Vyazhlinsky. - SPb. : type of. Dep. inheritance, 1885. - 200 p.
• Werner K. Massage. His technique, application and action with 11 figures in the text / translation from the 7th German edition of Dr. M. Vyazhlinskago . - SPb. : “Medical and surgical bookstore” N.P. Petrova, 1887. - 55 p.
• Holt L. E. Care and feeding of children / trans. from 4th English ed. Dr. B. P. Kiterman, ed. and with the foreword. Dr. med. N.K. Vyazhlinsky. - SPb. : type of. M.D. Lomkovsky, 1913 .-- 117 p.
• Vyazhlinsky N. K. A brief outline of the seventy-five years of life of the St. Petersburg Nikolaev Children's Hospital Departments of the institutions of the Empress Maria: Dokl. deer and ch. Doctor of the hospital N.K. Vyazhlinsky Dec 5 1909 - St. Petersburg. : type of. M. D. Lomkovsky, 1909. - 40 p.
• Yazhlinsky N. K. Note on the need to allocate allowances from the treasury to the Nikolaev Children's Hospital / [Dir. and ch. doctor N. Vyazhlinsky]. - SPb. : type of. M.D. Lomkovsky, 1910 .-- 18 p.
• Vyazhlinsky N. K. On the casuistry of heart defects in children: Communication. in the island of children. Doctors Jan 16 / [Op.] Dr. N. K. Vyazhlinsky; (From the Clinic for Children Diseases, Prof. N. I. Bystrov). - SPb. : type of. P.I. Schmidt, 1886.
• Vyazhlinsky N.K. In memory of Ivan Pavlovich Korovin. - SPb. : type of. A. S. Suvorin, 1908. - 14 p.

First of all, Nikolai Konstantinovich turned out to be an outstanding practitioner and an effective organizer of healthcare.

At the stage of the change of historical eras, together with the chief physicians of three other children's hospitals in St. Petersburg: Yu. P. Serkom ( Children's Hospital of Prince Peter Oldenburgsky ), A. D. Zotov ( City Children's Hospital “In Memory of the Holy Coronation of Their Imperial Majesties” ) and F. Gaza ( Elizabethan Children's Hospital ) N.K. Vyazhlinsky managed to maintain a system of inpatient medical care for the children of Petrograd.

Until 1902, N.K. Vyazhlinsky changed several addresses: Spasskaya St., 15; Nadezhdinskaya St., 54; Furshtatskaya St., 18.

Having become the chief physician of the Nikolaev Children's Hospital, Nikolai Konstantinovich and his family lived in an apartment at the hospital: at first on Bolshaya Podyachicheskaya St. at 30, and since 1917 on Vologodskaya Street. (Chapygina) , d.13.

Since the mid 20-ies of the 20th century. N.K. Vyazhlinsky received an apartment at the address: Red Dawn Boulevard (since 1939 Kirovsky Ave.), d. 44-b. In the same house lived another employee of the former Nikolaev Hospital - Professor M. G. Danilevich .

• Great friendship connected N.K. Vyazhlinsky with the famous physiologist, academician I.P. Pavlov. For many years, Nikolai Konstantinovich was the one whom I.P. Pavlov trusted to monitor and treat his children, and he recommended N.K. Vyazhlinsky as a family pediatrician to friends and acquaintances.
• In the pre-revolutionary years, N.K. Vyazhlinsky was close to the poets Mikhail Kuzmin and Mikhail Lozinsky , in whose homes he could often be found.

St. Petersburg branch of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia

Shcherbinin. P.P. Vyazhlinsky Nikolay Konstantinovich // Tambov Encyclopedia. - Tambov, 2004 .-- S. 113.