Nikolai Zlatovratsky ( 14 [26] December 1845 , Vladimir - 10 [23] December 1911 , Moscow ) - Russian writer .
Nikolay Zlatovratsky | |
---|---|
Birth name | Nikolai Nikolaevich Zlatovratsky |
Date of Birth | December 14 (26) 1845 |
Place of Birth | Vladimir |
Date of death | December 10 (23) 1911 (65 years) |
Place of death | Moscow |
Citizenship | Russian empire |
Occupation | novelist |
Language of Works | Russian |
Debut | the story "Cattle Fall" |
Works on the site Lib.ru |
Content
Biography
His father was a clerk of the office of the provincial leader of the nobility, by education and descent, like the mother of Zlatovratsky, belonged to the clergy. In the late 1850s, he, thanks to the assistance of the leader, opened a public library. In her discovery, his son, who was studying at the local gymnasium at that time, rendered him serious assistance. Zlatovratsky’s father began to publish “Vladimirsky Vestnik,” in which Dobrolyubov was to take part - a friend from the Pedagogical Institute and a friend of one of the two brothers of Zlatovratsky’s father. These uncles, in connection with frequent and lengthy trips to country relatives, had a decisive influence on the early awakening in Zlatovratsky passionate interest in popular life. Towards the end of Zlatovratsky's stay in the gymnasium, his father’s affairs took a bad turn, and he could not fulfill his dream - to enroll as a student at Moscow University . Having been a volunteer in the year, Zlatovratsky then entered the St. Petersburg Institute of Technology . However, Zlatovratsky did not succeed in finishing it - all the time he had to spend on a hard struggle with want.
In 1866, he accidentally got into the proofreaders of the “Son of the Fatherland” . This aroused in him a passion for literary activity, which he enthusiastically indulged in even in high school. A story from the life of the people “Cattle Fall” was accepted into Iskra by V. S. Kurochkin , and since then Zlatovratsky began to place the same short stories in “Alarm Clock” , “Week” , and “News”. Subsequently, they compiled the book "Little Shchedrin".
Rare literary income weakened little the need, which led to a serious chronic illness and forced Zlatovratsky to go home. Here he recovered somewhat and wrote the story "Peasants-jurors", printed in the "Notes of the Fatherland" 1874 . The story was a great success and immediately created the author a serious literary position. Of the later works of Zlatovratsky, the extensive “history of one village” - “Foundations” and essays “Rural everyday life” also published in “Domestic Notes” also paid most attention to themselves. The stories and stories of Zlatovratsky were published in separate books, and “Collected Works” had two editions - 1884 - 1889 and 1891 (“Russian Thought”).
He was buried at the Vagankovo cemetery (21 school).
Creativity
After Gleb Ouspensky , Zlatovratsky is the most famous of the representatives of the “peasant fiction”, which differs markedly from the philanthropic-loving fiction of the 1840s and 1850s . Leaving aside the question of the degree of artistic talent, one cannot but admit that by approaching living reality, by accurately reproducing all the trifles of peasant life, the types, pictures and language of “peasant fiction” in general, and Zlatovratsky in particular, represent an undoubted step forward. Writers of the 1840s , having set themselves the goal of finding a man in a peasant, did not always see him as a peasant. What is peculiar only to the peasant is not reflected in the literature of the previous time. So, for example, as Zlatovratsky especially often likes to emphasize, “our fiction has not given any more or less typical and vivid pictures from the field of community life: we have neither communal characters, nor typical scenes of community gatherings, courts, redistribution - these most expressive and characteristic pictures of national life. Our artists somehow managed to portray the people, distracting them completely from the soil on which they were born, grew, acted and died ”(“ Village Weekdays ”).
More zealous than his other peers in “peasant fiction,” Zlatovratsky tried to replenish just such specially peasant sides of popular life. His main works are undoubtedly valuable tools for a comprehensive understanding of popular “foundations”, according to his favorite term: this is a kind of encyclopedia of village life, and, moreover, everyday life. Zlatovratsky introduces the reader to precisely those little things that seem to many observers to be too fractional and colorless, but they characterize the basic background of people's life more than any exceptional provisions. Not always equally bright, not even very “boring” for special lovers of “exquisite reading”, but always conscientiously looking for Zlatovratsky folk “foundations” not only where they are clear and immediately noticeable to the observer, but where they are needed to discover in the mass of extraneous layers and details of the “village days”.
Literary methods, with the help of which Zlatovratsky is trying to catch people's "foundations", it is difficult to bring under established literary forms. This is a very peculiar mixture of fiction , ethnography and journalism , and sometimes even statistics . The author cares little about the integrity of the impression; it takes only the task of "to comprehend" and present the truth of popular life. But, with all the passionate desire to tell the full and comprehensive truth about the muzhik, the essential feature of Zlatovratsky remains a significant proportion of idealization.
In this regard, he is the exact opposite with the most talented of the representatives of “peasant fiction” - Gleb Ouspensky , who doesn’t stop at times telling the most bitter truth about the muzhik. The idealization of Zlatovratsky, however, depends not so much on the fact that he closes his eyes to the unsympathetic aspects of national life, but on the excessive desire in every trifle of the peasant life-to see deep, elemental "foundations." That is why the uncomplicated, gray little peasant quite often turns in Zlatovratsky into some kind of epic Mikula Selyaninovich , who often even speaks in an epic warehouse and almost white verses .
Family
- Son - Nikolay (1877–?) - physicist, professor [1] , one of the founders of Turkestan State University .
- Son - Alexander Nikolaevich Zlatovratsky (1878-1960) - sculptor.
- Daughter - Sofya Nikolaevna Zlatovratskaya [2] (1879-1960) - children's writer, memoirist, author of books for children “Katya Lesintseva”, “Bear Kornouhiy”, “At a bear in a den and other stories”.
- Granddaughter - Stefania Alekseevna Kudryavtseva (nee Sorokina ; 1908–1990), Soviet agronomist, public and political figure, poet [2] .
- Great-grandsons - Vadim Pavlovich Kudryavtsev, Alexey Pavlovich Kudryavtsev, Irina Pavlovna Kudryavtseva, Nonna Pavlovna Kudryavtseva, Alexandra Pavlovna Kudryavtseva [2] .
- Great-great-granddaughter - Sofya Sergeevna Lebedeva (b. 1993), Russian actress [3] .
- Daughter - Stephanie (1884—?).
Memory
- In the name of Nikolai Zlatovratsky named one of the streets of the city of Vladimir [4] .
- On the house of Zlatovratskys at ul. Herzen, 39 in Vladimir installed a memorial tablet [4] .
- A memorial tablet was installed on the building of the former Vladimir male gymnasium [4] .
Notes
- ↑ Ioffe V.G., Ilina A.O. Sources for the creation of the first functioning electronic television system - B.P. Grabovsky's “Telephoto” in the Central State Archive of Uzbekistan and in the Museum of Electronic Technology named after B. P. Grabovsky (Tashkent) // Actual problems of the humanities and natural sciences. 2014. № 4-1. Pp. 131-140.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Epatova N. Hereditary agronomist // Obninsk . - September 2, 2008. - No. 113 (3015) .
- ↑ Epatova N. Reflections after the performance // Obninsk . - May 25, 2010. - No. 64 (3308) . .
- ↑ 1 2 3 “Writer in love with the people ...” // Vladimirskaya news service. 2015. December 8.
Links
- Zlatovratsky, Nikolai Nikolayevich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Nikolay Nikolaevich Zlatovratsky's profile on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences