Armand Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint-Arnaud ( French Armand Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint-Arnaud ; August 20, 1798 , Bordeaux - September 29, 1854 ) - Marshal of France .
| Arman Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint-Arno | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fr. Armand Jacques Achille Leroy de Saint-Arnaud | ||||||||||
| Date of Birth | August 20, 1798 | |||||||||
| Place of Birth | Paris [comm 1] | |||||||||
| Date of death | September 29, 1854 (56 years old) | |||||||||
| Place of death | Black Sea | |||||||||
| Affiliation |  France | |||||||||
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| Years of service | 1821 - 1854 | |||||||||
| Rank | Marshal of France | |||||||||
| Commanded | 1st Zouave Regiment 53rd light infantry regiment French troops in Crimea | |||||||||
| Position | Minister of War of France | |||||||||
| Battles / wars |
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| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Biography
A native of Paris, the son of a petty bourgeois , originally bore the name Jean Dominic Leroy. In 1817 he began serving in the French army, in 1820 , with the rank of second lieutenant , he entered the bodyguard detachment ( Garde du-Corps ) of King Louis XVIII , but was soon dismissed at the request of the company for theft.
In 1822, as phyllinus went to Greece , was captured by Turkish pirates , sought happiness in Italy , Belgium and England . During his adventures he learned several foreign languages.
In 1827, his relatives managed to return him to the army with difficulty. But when the 49th regiment , in which he served, was assigned to go to Guadeloupe , Saint-Arno was not there. He was persecuted as a deserter, made a living as a fencing and music teacher, was an actor under the pseudonym Florival, and went through jail for non-payment of debts.
After the July Revolution of 1830, he impersonated his liberal beliefs. In the army, which many Legitimist officers left, a large number of vacancies appeared, and he managed to enter again the second lieutenant in the 64th regiment, where he appeared under the name of Saint-Arno . Soon he received the rank of lieutenant .
For one year he was in the city of Ble , being an adjutant to General Bugeau , who was detaining the Duchess of Berry , who tried in 1832 to carry out a coup in favor of his son Count de Chambord . He received scandalous fame by signing the official protocol on the birth of the Duchess of Berria in prison on May 10, 1833, to her daughter from the Italian Marquis Lucchezi Palli, with whom she was secretly married . He accompanied the duchess after her release in Palermo .
Returning to his regiment, he faced ostracism from his officers, and transferred to the Foreign Legion .
During the conquest of Algeria, he proved himself a brave soldier, in 1837 he was promoted to captain . Soon he was convicted by Inspector General Rühler of a large embezzlement, but his battalion commander Bedo was able to hush up the case [comm 2] .
In 1840 he received a battalion . Commanding the battalion, Saint-Arno was in Metz for some time, but when Bujo was appointed governor general in Algeria , he, along with Bujo, returned there and served in the zouaves under the command of Caveniac .
In 1842, he was already a lieutenant colonel of the 53rd regiment, and in 1844 he was a colonel and the head of the Orleanville Division .
In 1847, Sainte Arnaud was promoted to brigadier general for the capture of the Arab foreman Bou-Mazy .
During the revolution of 1848, he was on vacation in Paris . Here Bugeau entrusted him with command over the brigade with which he stormed the barricades on Richelieu Street, and then occupied the police prefecture .
When the troops retreated, he was captured by the people; but soon released, he again returned to Africa, where under Cavaignac he commanded the Mostaganem subdivision, under Shangarnye - Algerian , and in 1850 he took command over the Constantine province .
In 1851, he was appointed chief of the expedition to Lesser Kabilia , happily graduated from it, promoted to division generals , immediately after that he was called to France and appointed chief of the 2nd division of the Paris Army.
On October 26, 1851, Prince-President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte appointed Saint-Arnaud as Minister of War . He carefully prepared a coup d'etat for Louis Napoleon on December 2, 1851, and exactly one year after that, during the restoration of the Empire , he was made Marshal of France , then Ober-Stalmeister of the Emperor .
When France entered into an alliance with Turkey against Russia (see the Eastern War ), Saint-Arnault received the main command over the French Eastern Army on March 24, 1854 . Despite poor health [comm 3] , he commanded it in Varna , during a landing in Evpatoria , in the battle of Alma [3] and while moving to Sevastopol , but on September 26 he was forced to hand over his command to Canrober and died of cholera three days later on the way to Constantinople .
Proceedings
After his death, his Lettres appeared (2nd ed., 2 vols., Paris , 1864 ), written not without talent.
Comments
- ↑ According to some sources, he was born in Bordeaux .
- ↑ St. Arno repaid them both with black ingratitude. Having become Minister of War on the eve of the coup on December 2, 1851, he ordered the dismissal of Rüller from the army and the arrest of General Bedo [1] .
- ↑ Saint Arnault's heart failed, malaria started , which were superimposed on the symptoms of another disease that the doctors could not identify. According to some reports, Saint-Arno suffered from stomach cancer for the last 10 years of his life [2] .
Notes
- ↑ Marx C. Saint-Arno
- ↑ Alexis Trubetskoy . Crimean War
- ↑ Chennyk S.V. Alma
Sources
- Arnaud Jacques-Leroy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.