Dmitry Pavlovich Chekhmataev (1903-1954) - Director of the State Optical Institute (1937-1950), winner of the Lenin Prize .
Dmitry Pavlovich Chekhmataev | |
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Date of Birth | |
Date of death | |
Scientific field | Optical instruments and technologies |
Place of work | State Optical Institute (GOI) |
Alma mater | Leningrad Institute of Technology |
Academic degree | Candidate of Technical Sciences |
Academic title | assistant professor |
Known as | director of GOI, specialist in the field of manufacturing diffraction gratings |
Awards and prizes |
He graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Technology (1930). Candidate of Technical Sciences (1933), associate professor in the specialty of cutting theory and tool production (1936) [1] .
Job:
- 1930-1931 engineer workshop at the plant. Voskova
- 1931–1932 senior engineer of the Giprospetsmontazh trust
- 1932-1933 head of the workshop at the Kalibr plant (Moscow)
- 1933–1935 Head of the Dvigatelstroy Trust Sector
- 1935-1937 head. measuring laboratory of the Optical-Mechanical Plant
- 1937–1950 director of the State Optical Institute (GOI)
- from 1950 he worked at the Leningrad Optical-Mechanical Plant (GOMZ)
- 1950-1952 PhD student of the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR
D. P. Chekhmataev came to the leadership of GOI in 1937 after the representatives of the party and economic nomenclature that repeatedly replaced each other in this post — I. I. Orlovsky (1932-1933), M. O. Atrashevich (1933— 1933), L. A. Olbert (1933-1936), V.A. Tikhomirov (1936-1937). Being also a specialist far from science, he focused on the work of the institute in the interests of industry, consistently reducing the amount of research work. In the article “Twenty years of the State Optical Institute (GOI)” he stated: “Having broken away from the optical industry and its specific needs, not knowing the demands, tasks and prospects of production, some of the institute’s scientific personnel went into the field of abstract non-objective searches of“ scientific truth ”. The theory for this part of the cadres has become an end in itself, a “science for science” [2] .
The reduction of a number of scientific fields, including works carried out under the direct supervision of D. S. Rozhdestvensky , led to the fact that at the end of 1938 he and a number of leading employees, including S. É. Frish , V. A. Fock , TP Kravets actually stopped work at the institute [3] .
Under the leadership of D. P. Chekhmataev, the main staff of the GOI was evacuated from Leningrad to Yoshkar-Ola at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and continued to work, subordinating virtually all of its activities to the needs of the front [4] [5] .
In the pre-war and post-war years, D. P. Chekhmataev, together with Professor V. M. Chulanovsky and F. M. Gerasimov, participated in the creation of dividing machines and the development of the technology for manufacturing diffraction gratings . In 1945 he headed a special laboratory at GOI. By 1949, a dividing machine was made, the technology of cutting strokes with diamond cutters on an aluminum layer, deposited by vacuum evaporation on a glass substrate, was developed. The first domestic diffraction grating, cut at the end of 1949, had 600 strokes / mm [6] .
Winner of the Lenin Prize in 1958 (posthumously), together with F. M. Gerasimov - for the development of methods for manufacturing precision diffraction gratings. The author of the monograph [7] .
Awards
- Order of the Red Star (1942)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1939, 1949)
- Order of Lenin (1943)
- Order of the Patriotic War, 1 degree (1945)
- Lenin Prize (1958)
Notes
- ↑ Who is who in GOI. Biographical guide / Comp. and ed. MM Miroshnikov. - L .: GOI, 1998. - T.1. - p. 11 - 12
- ↑ Proceedings of the State Optical Institute. Collection of articles for the twentieth anniversary of the Institute (1918-1938) / ed. A.I. Tudorovsky. - M .: "Oborongiz", 1941. - T. XIV (issues 112-120). - p. 6-8. - 456 s.
- ↑ Frish S.E. Through the prism of time . - 2nd ed., Corr. and add. - SPb. : “SOLO”, 2009. - 242 p. - ISBN 978-5-98340-271-1 . (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Chekhmataev D. P. Twenty-five years of the State Optical Institute. - Yoshkar-Ola, 1943. - p . 3-23 .
- ↑ Ivanova R.N. The State Optical Institute (GOI) in the period of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. // Optical journal. - 1995. - p . 5-33 .
- ↑ 50 years of the State Optical Institute. S.I. Vavilov (1918-1968). Sat articles / Ed. ed. M.M. Miroshnikov. L .: Mechanical Engineering, 1968. - p. 98-99. - 708 s. with silt - T. 2100 copies.
- ↑ Chekhmataev D.P. Technology of instrumentation and measuring instruments. - L.-M., 1938. - 264 p.