Content
The total length of all watercourses in St. Petersburg reaches 282 km, and their water surface is about 7% of the total area of the city. The main waterway of the city is the Neva River, which flows into the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland, belonging to the Baltic Sea . Within the city, there are many (currently 94) rivers , branches , channels and canals (with a total length of about 300 km , including about 20 artificial channels with a total length of over 160 km) [1] .
During the existence of St. Petersburg, the hydrological network of the city has undergone significant changes. The construction of the city in a low marshy place required the construction of canals and ponds for drainage. The earth excavated was used to raise the surface. At the end of the 19th century, the Neva Delta consisted of 48 rivers and canals forming 101 islands. Over time (as the city was built), many reservoirs lost their original meaning, became polluted and fell asleep. In the 20th century, as a result of backfilling of canals, channels, and branches, the number of islands decreased to 42 [1] .
List of rivers and canals
Neva , its sleeves and ducts (from source to mouth)
| Rivers (from source to mouth) | Source | Mouth | Total length, km | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neva | Shlisselburg Bay Lake Ladoga | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 74 | including the Big Neva |
| * Spartak | Neva | Neva | ||
| * Big Nevka | Neva | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 8.5 | |
| ** Karpovka | Big Nevka | Malaya Nevka | 3 | |
| ** Malaya Nevka | Big Nevka | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | five | |
| *** Crossing | Malaya Nevka | Middle Nevka | 0.75 | |
| ** Middle Nevka | Big Nevka | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 2.6 | |
| * Fontanka | Neva | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 6.7 | |
| ** Washing | Fontanka | Big Neva | 4.67 | |
| *** Buckle | Washing | Big Neva | 1.32 | In 1915, the lower reaches were filled up and the Salnobuyansky channel became the channel |
| * Kronverksky Strait | Neva | Neva | one | |
| * Big Neva | Neva | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 3,5 | |
| * Malaya Neva | Neva | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 4.25 | |
| ** Zhdanovka | Malaya Neva | Malaya Nevka | 2.2 | |
| ** Smolenka | Malaya Neva | Neva Bay Gulf of finland | 3,7 | In the 1960s and 1970s, the mouth was filled up (before it flowed into the Malaya Neva ), the waters were let into the canal |
Neva tributaries
Right Bank
- Duck
- Ohta
- Bast ( Luppa )
- Burnt creek
- Murinsky stream
- Okkerville
- Draft
- Nameless stream (St. Petersburg)
- Bast ( Luppa )
- Black River
- Capercaillie
- Kamenka - flows into the Lakhtinsky spill
Left Bank
- Izhora
- Big Izhorka
- Slav
- Murzinka
- The monastery
- The Black River (the river at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery) - is divided by the Bypass channel to the Monastery and Volkovka
- Volkovka
- Ligovsky stream
- Emelyanovka
Rivers flowing into the Neva Bay
- Duderhof
- Ekaterinofka
- Cockroach
- Ivanovka
- Red
- Dachnaya (now it flows into the pond and is diverted by the pipeline to the Krasnenkaya River)
Others
- Chernavka - a fragment of a river, a former tributary of the Okhta , has been preserved in the Bolsheokhtinsky cemetery .
- Chukhonka .
- Starozhilovka .
Channels
- Bypass
- Griboedova - partially dug along the Krivushi riverbed
- Hooks
- Admiralteysky (Krushtein Canal)
- Novo-Admiralteysky
- Swan groove
- Winter groove
- Matisov
- Paper
- Kronverksky
- Nautical
- Skipper Channel
- Gunpowder Canal - Okhta , a canal of the former Okhta gunpowder factories
- Rowing canal .
New Channels
- Volkovsky (Volkov) - Kupchino , dug (straightened) along the line of the Vitebsk railway in 1966 - 1969 .
- The Duderhof Canal is the “youngest” channel, dug in the 1980s.
Stone Island Canals
- Big - Stone Island
- Small - Stone Island
New Holland Canals
- South - New Holland
- East - New Holland
Harbors
- Baroque pool
- French Bucket (Bypass Canal Bucket, Wide Reach, Bypass Canal Basin, Clay Bucket) - lower appendix of the Bypass Canal along Clay Street, ship harbor.
- Big Turukhtannaya harbor
- East basin - in the port.
- Galle harbor
- Gutuev Harbor
- Ekaterinofsky pool
- Bucket (Stone Island)
- Bucket (New Holland) - New Holland Island
- Galley fairway bucket
- Lakhtinsky spill
- Forest harbor
- New Gunboarding Harbor
- Coal Harbor
Disappeared Rivers and Canals
Rivers
- Paw (Millstone) - partially filled up.
- Krivusha (river) (Deaf River) - along the part of its channel, the Catherine Canal was dug.
- Olkhovka (tributary of Tarakanovka)
- Tentelevka
- Vinnivka - a river on Krestovsky Island , along the channel of which the Rowing Canal is laid
- Battery - a river between the islands of Gutuevsky and Kanonersky, branching, formed several more small islands. It disappeared during the construction of the Sea Canal.
Channels
- Vvedensky channel
- Red channel
- Ligovsky channel
- Oil channel
- Salnobuyansky channel
- Skipper duct - on the map of 1915 is. In the atlas of 1977 it is written: Skipper duct, most of it was filled up in 1906 , finally in the 1920s .
Gutuev Island Canals and Rivers
- Inner channel
- Herring canal
- Boundary channel
- New Channel - Before the construction of the congress with the WHSD, there was a small harbor at the confluence of the New Channel in Ekaterinofka
- Olkhovka (Gutuevskaya)
- Pequeza
- The customs channel, partially remained in the form of the Customs Bucket harbor.
Canals of the Mikhailovsky Castle
- Church Canal - fenced the castle from the west, along the current Sadovaya Street . He was bombarded in the 1820s.
- Voskresensky - fenced the castle from the south, along the Resurrection Gate. He was bombarded in the 1880s.
- The parade ground is the canal around the parade ground . Filled in the middle of the XIX century.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Leningrad: Historical and geographical atlas. - M .: Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, 1981. - P. 59.
Literature
- Leningrad. Historical and geographical atlas. - M .: Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, 1981.
- Darinsky A.V. Geography of Leningrad. - L .: Lenizdat, 1982.
- Gorbachevich K. S. , Khablo E. P. Why are they so named? On the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges of St. Petersburg. - SPb. : Norint , 2002 .-- 353 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0019-6 .
- Toponymic Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg. - SPb. : LIK Information and Publishing Agency, 2002.
- St. Petersburg: Encyclopedia / Int. beneficent. fund them. D. S. Likhachev; ed. B.V. Ananyich et al. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M .: ROSSPEN ; SPb. : Publishing House "Business Press", 2006. - 1024 p. - 4500 copies. - ISBN 5-8110-0107-X . - ISBN 5-8243-0419-X .