Sergey Ivanovich Markin (1903-1942) - Moscow professional artist, painter and decorator of the TRAM theater (modern Lenkom ). A master of urban landscape and plot compositions conveying the spirit of the pre-war era. He was a member of the Pleiad of artists of the 1920-1930s . He worked at MOSSH . He died in battles near Moscow in the first year of World War II .
| Sergey Markin | |
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| Birth name | Sergey Ivanovich Markin |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Sereda (Moscow region) |
| A country | |
| Genre | landscape , portrait , still life , theater painting |
| Study | Stroganov |
| Style | plot, neo romanticism |
Sergei Markin, according to the historian and art historian O. O. Roitenberg , is known for “peacefully concentrated” landscapes [1] . Critics noted the originality of his compositional thinking and a keen sense of time [2] . He is the author of paintings on the themes of the history of the revolution and civil war, genre paintings, portraits, landscapes. He took part in the design of Moscow for the revolutionary holidays [3] .
Biography
Born in Moscow on August 5 ( 18 ), 1903 , in the family of a worker at the Ministry of Agriculture of Mosselprom Mill and Pasta Factory No. 1 (formerly Ding Partnership ) Ivan Petrovich (1878–1933). Mother Vera Sergeevna Markina (in the girl. Nikolskaya; September 30, 1883 - February 26, 1968) [4] - cousin of the artist of the Maly Theater A. I. Nikolsky .
He had 4 younger brothers: Nikolai (1907-1978), Mikhail (1913-1984), Peter (born 1915, was arrested), Alexander (1920-1997) and sister Tatyana (1905-2000), wife V. S Molodtsova (1900-1985).
He spent his childhood in the Moscow region of Blagush .
Education
May 23, 1925
In 1911-1916, S. I. Markin began to receive an art education in the Sunday classes of the Imperial Stroganov Central Art and Industrial School .
- In 1916-1918 he studied at the Stroganov Central School of Industrial Art (SCHPU).
- In the years 1918-1920 - in the First State Free Art Workshops (GSHM) at F.F. Fedorovsky .
Since 1920, he became a student of the main branch of VKhUTEMAS :
- 1 course - teacher N. A. Udaltsova
- 2 year - teacher A. A. Osmerkin .
The debut work of Sergei Markin promised him great success. The NKP exhibition bureau from the walls of VKHUTEMAS selected his drawings and 10 more artists for museums [5] .
Then (until 1927 ) S. I. Markin continued his studies at VKhUTEIN on the easel department of the painting department, where his teacher was A. V. Shevchenko [2] .
Work and Creativity
Sergei Markin entered the galaxy of young artists of a lyrical-romantic orientation, who began at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, and were “forgotten” for half a century for ideological reasons.
In 1929, the “Great turning point” took place in the fine arts of the USSR - the last exhibitions of all registered societies took place. After this, the “cultural revolution” began, where censors sifted hostile petty-bourgeois artistic movements. These artists were united by moral maximalism, so the beginning of their creative biographies turned out to be a stellar moment [6] .
In 1928-1932, S. I. Markin worked as a decorator at the Moscow Theater of Working Youth (TRAM), where he, in the figurative expression of O. Roitenberg , "expanded the spatiotemporal boundaries of imagination on the stages of performances."
S.I. Markin worked at the Moscow organization of the Union of Soviet Artists (MOSSKH or Moscow Society of Artists), where he took part in organizing exhibitions. In 1932, on his initiative, an exhibition of artists who did not enter professional societies was organized [7] . After this, the era of socialist realism began, in which the graduates of Vhutemas of 1925-1935 did not fit in with their aesthetics . They began brightly, but then perished in the camps, in the war, or, at best, were “out of work” [8] .
They said about Sergey Markin that he was violent, similar to Mayakovsky and charged by him. Most popular in MOSSHA, a sharp-tongued truth-seeker, who fought for justice in word and deed. In disputes, he had no equal [9] .
The colors and harmony of his paintings were highly appreciated by C. B. Nikritin , who noted [10] :
| “Markin is the hope of our art. He has an artistic flair for beauty. Speaks the language of color and form. Works on the revolution are compositionally complex, but the selection is accurate. ... Markin has an eye on a complex amount of rhythmic combinations. He gravitates to a variety of genres. The plot thinks poetically. Your eye on the rhythm of the modern city " |
On the whole, the legacy of the masters of the “galaxy” of pre-war Soviet artists is distinguished not by the exoticism of later specifically Soviet subjects, but by their true artistic quality: whimsical coloring and expression of paintings, drawing skill, and sharpness of composition. And also - the desire for dialogue with each viewer individually, the proportionality of emotions arising on both sides of the canvas, cardboard or sheet of paper [11] .
A rare artistic “chronicle” of the pre-war period is the painting “The Red Army Men” (1940), presented in the Vologda Regional Art Gallery .
War
After returning from a business trip from the North Caucasus from July to October 1941, Sergey Ivanovich Markin worked on the artistic disguise of the Kremlin and the center of Moscow.
On October 18, 1941, C.I. Markin volunteered for the militia during the Battle of Moscow . The Kuybyshevsky district military registration and enlistment office was sent to Yoshkar-Ola to the radio courses of the telegraph company.
In January 1942, he arrived at the Moscow Region front in a separate communications battalion of the 49th separate rifle brigade [12] . On January 7, 1942, the brigade became part of the 20th Army of the Western Front under the command of Vlasov . The 49th separate rifle brigade of Colonel N. N. Yakimov [13] arrived from the Urals and took up defense between the 18th Rifle and 9th Guards Rifle Divisions.
January 17, 1942 S. I. Markin wrote the last letter to his parents, where he indicated his new address - “Field Post No. 1607” [14] .
Zhukov’s order of January 14 [15] read: “The mobile group of the 20th Army, introduced into the breakthrough, has the task of striking in the direction of Sereda, Gzhatsk, covering it from the northwest.” A further directive of January 20 [16] stated: “To the commando-20 - the main grouping to advance non-stop in the direction of Sereda, Zlatoustovo, Art. Kashna. "
Thus, the successful breakthrough of the 20th Army near Volokolamsk ended in protracted offensive battles with the Germans defending themselves: the 6th Panzer, 106th and 35th Infantry Divisions, units of the 7th and 11th Panzer and 14th were marked motorized divisions. When leaving, they were covered by rearguards (from a company to a battalion), reinforced by 2-3 tanks and artillery. The army’s attempts to overcome the enemy defenses did not lead to positive results [17] .
In the Brief certificate of combat activity of the 49th separate rifle brigade [18] it is written:
On January 21, the Red Garden captured the stubborn battles of a part of the brigade and on January 23, Rupinka and Tupitsino. Without giving the enemy the opportunity to stop, the brigade captured Yegoryevskoye on the night of January 24. ... Repeated attacks by Vasilievsky units of the brigade from January 23 to 26 were unsuccessful.
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Sergei Ivanovich Markin was seriously wounded and died of his wounds in February 1942 in a field hospital No. 111 [19] near the village of Sereda (which was released on January 19) [20] .
He was buried in a mass grave [21] near the village of Sereda (Moscow Region) [2] .
Family
Wife - Maria Semenovna (December 12, 1908 - February 24, 1994, daughter of the engineer S. S. Ilyin (1881-1965)) - a scientist chemist, recalls [2] :
| We met when he was preparing for the diploma. I hear a scandal somehow, I look out: a guy with paints got on the window of the landing on the 3rd floor. Janitor Vasily shouts: “Get out!” And he: “I am writing.” "We know such people; yesterday we robbed the attic." I reassured Vasily, saying that this is my friend ... Sergey’s idol - Mayakovsky. He began to take me to the Polytechnic, then to Meyerhold, to the museum to his beloved French artists. First of all, to the dancing boys of Matisse . Then Picasso , Renoir , Manet , Gauguin and again Matisse. I didn’t speak to the paintings. Sometimes: “see,” “like”? |
Daughter - Markina, Svetlana Sergeevna (born 1936) - an epidemiologist.
Addresses associated with S. I. Markin
Born and lived his whole life in Moscow:
- Izmailovo (Moscow region) or Blagush - here S.I. Markin spent his childhood, where his parents had his art workshop.
- Moscow, Lobkovsky Lane , Building 1 - the famous house on Chistye Prudy , from where S.I. Markin wrote the historical views of Moscow center that made him famous.
- Cinema Coliseum - the artist’s family lived in a neighboring house.
- Bolshevo (station) - in the summer the family rented a summer cottage here. Many studies from this area of the Moscow region.
Exhibitions
Participation in exhibitions [22] :
- 1934 - Moscow: Solo exhibition of oil painting S. I. Markin. House of Soviet writers . Presented 43 works [23] [24]
- 1934 - Moscow: "Exhibition of young beginner artists in Moscow"
- 1935 - Moscow: Reporting exhibition at the MOOSH "Donbass in painting"
- 1936 - Moscow: Exhibition "Moscow in Painting and Graphics"
- 1937 - Moscow: "The first exhibition of watercolor painting by Moscow artists"
- 1939 - Moscow: "The All-Union Exhibition of Young Artists, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the Komsomol"
- 1940 - RSFSR: "A traveling exhibition of works by Moscow and Leningrad artists in the cities of the Volga region"
- 1940 - Moscow: "The Seventh Exhibition of the Union of Moscow Artists"
- 1965 - Moscow. Exhibition of artists who died in the war
- 1975 - Moscow. Exhibition dedicated to the 30th anniversary of victory
- 1977 - Moscow: “ Artists of the First Five-Year Plan ” (“One-Day Exhibition” at the Moscow House of Artists , October 31 ) [25]
- 1980 - State Tretyakov Gallery : “Moscow in Russian and Soviet Painting” [26] , entered the exhibition catalog.
- 1985 - Moscow. Exhibition on the 40th anniversary of the victory
- 1990 - State Tretyakov Gallery : “The Thirties” [27]
- 1992 - Moscow artists of the 1920-1930s.
- 2017 - The State Tretyakov Gallery Moscow through the centuries .
Membership in organizations
- 1928-1930 "ROST Society"
- Moscow Organization of the Union of Soviet Artists (MOSSH)
- Creative Association "The Artist "
- Creative Association "Moscow Association of Artists"
Memory
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| Red Army on Chistye Prudy , Vologda Regional Art Gallery | |
| Pictures on avanage.ru | |
- The name " Sergey Markin " is embossed on a memorial plaque installed in the Moscow House of Artists .
- The painting by S. I. Markin in 2015 was depicted on the cover of Efraim Sevel ’s book “Why Is There No Paradise on Earth” [28] .
Pictures of S.I. Markin are exhibited in cities and museums:
- Moscow → State Tretyakov Gallery
- Vologda → Vologda Regional Art Gallery [29]
- Donetsk → Stalin Art Gallery ( Donetsk Regional Art Museum ). "Road to Makeyevka" [30] The collection suffered during the war (1941-1945).
- Oryol → Oryol Museum of Fine Arts
- Stakhanov → Stakhanov Museum of History and Art
- Tbilisi → State Museum of Art of Georgia
- Cheboksary → Chuvash State Art Museum [31] .
Artist's artwork
The scenery for theatrical performances in TRAM , modern Lenkom :
- Green Lights is a 1928 play.
- Call Fabcom - a 1928 play.
- Give five - a play of 1929 , staged by P. Sokolov.
- other.
Paintings and Etudes
| Year | Title | Equipment | V. cm | W. cm | Gallery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | Landscape of the Moscow outskirts | canvas, oil | 33 | 42,4 | Private collection. Picture |
| 1920s | Portrait of brother Michael (wrong: Self-portrait) | canvas, oil | |||
| 1925 | Self portrait | canvas, oil | 44 | 38 | State Tretyakov Gallery: ZhS-1499, P. 48985 [32] . Picture |
| 1926 | In dorm | canvas, oil | |||
| 1928 | In a hammock | canvas, oil | |||
| 1929 | Landscape of the Moscow outskirts | canvas, oil | 33 | 40.5 | |
| 1929 | Blooming garden | canvas, oil | 80 | 105.5 | or 1924 by ArtInvestment |
| 1929 | Weaver (fragment "Red Guard") | oilcloth, oil | 45 | 38 | State Tretyakov Gallery : ЖС-1500, П.48986 |
| 1930s | Figure view of the Crimean bridge | pencil on paper | Sketch Picture | ||
| 1930s | Cavalry attack | canvas, oil | |||
| 1930s | Tug of war | canvas, oil | |||
| 1932 | Window on Chistye Prudy | canvas, oil | 100 | 81 | Picture |
| 1932 | Red Guard | canvas, oil | |||
| 1932 | Chistoprudny Boulevard in winter | canvas, oil | 73 | 57 | State Tretyakov Gallery: ZhS-1450, P.48987 |
| 1933 | Skating in Izmailovo (Blagusha) | canvas, oil | |||
| 1933 | Circus | canvas, oil | |||
| 1933 | Pioneer Report (Oath of Pioneers) | canvas, oil | preserved photo | ||
| 1935 | Red Guards at the Kremlin | canvas, oil | 56.5 | 111.5 | State Tretyakov Gallery: ZhS-4790, KP-5661 |
| 1936 | The road to Makeevka | canvas, oil | Dohm | ||
| 1936 | Landscape with a house | canvas, oil | 67 | 90 | State Tretyakov Gallery: ZhS-4791, KP-5660 |
| 1936 | Garden | canvas, oil | 68.5 | 89 | State Tretyakov Gallery: ZhS-4792, KP-5659 |
| 1936 | Blooming apple trees | canvas, oil | 70 | 95 | Picture |
| 1937 | Still life with mountain ash | canvas, oil | 66.5 | 38.8 | ChGHM KP — 3239 |
| 1937 | Forest path | oil on cardboard | 23.5 | 32,5 | ChGHM KP — 3242 |
| 1939 | View of the Crimean bridge | oil on cardboard | private collection | ||
| 1939 | On the Volga | caron oil | 13.8 | 22.4 | ChGHM KP — 3240 |
| 1939 | Spill | canvas, oil | 21 | 32,5 | ChGHM KP — 3241 |
| 1940 | Red Army soldiers at the Pokrovsky Gate | canvas, oil | 80 | 65 | VOKG , Image acquired in 1978. |
| 1940 | Night view of the Big Stone Bridge | oil on cardboard | |||
| 1940 | Night view of the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge | oil on cardboard | |||
| 1941 | Moscow | canvas, oil | 78 | 100 | until 1980, the artist’s sister |
Gallery of works
Blushusha , 1919
Self portrait, 1925
Autograph, 1927
Chistye Prudy from the window, 1929
Portrait of a Wife, 1931
Study, 1932
Portrait of a Wife, 1933
Blushusha , 1933
Blooming Apple Trees, 1936
Drawing, 1936
Picture
View of the Shukhov Tower, 1938
View of Crimean bridge
View of the Crimean bridge, 1939
Boys by the Sea, 1939
Daughter at the cottage in Bolshevo, 1939
Blushusha, 1939
Well
Portrait of a father, Ivan Petrovich (1878-1933)
Etude
Study, 1939
Sketch of the painting "The Red Army", 1940
Etude, View of the Kremlin
View of the Kremlin, 1940
View of the Kremlin, 1941
Roofs in the center of Moscow, the beginning of the war of 1941.
See also
- The galaxy of artists of the 1920s - 1930s
Notes
- ↑ Find and save before it’s too late ": Olga Roitenberg and her" pleiad " . Trv. No. 147. C. 14.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Roitenberg O.O. Markin Sergey Ivanovich (1903-1942) // Did someone remember that we were ... M .: Galart, 2008. C. 390-395.
- ↑ Biographical information about the artists: Markin Sergey Ivanovich // Moscow in Russian and Soviet painting: Catalog of the exhibition of the State Tretyakov Gallery. M .: Sov. artist, 1980. S. 148. Circulation 5000.
- ↑ Markin A.I. Autobiography. [1960s] 4 pp. (manuscript)
- ↑ The noise of time. C. 100.
- ↑ Olga Roitenberg . Book projects
- ↑ Exhibition of Single Artists // For Proletarian Art. 1932. No. 7/8.
- ↑ Morozov A.I. Socialism and Realism. M .: Galart, 2007.271 s.
- ↑ Roitenberg O.O. Markin Sergey Ivanovich (1903-1942) // Did someone remember that we were ... M .: Galart, 2008. C. 390.
- ↑ Discussion of the reporting exhibition at the MEPA “Donbas in Painting”, 12/14/1935. RGALI. F. 2943. Op. 1. Unit 1136.
- ↑ Safonov C. The Pleiad from the Underground // Our Heritage. 2005. No. 74.
- ↑ The 49th separate rifle brigade was formed from October 20 to November 24, 1941 in the city of Glazov, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, from units and formations of the Ural Military District. The brigade took part in defensive and offensive battles near Moscow, in December 1941 - January 1942 in the liberation of 55 settlements.
- ↑ Commanders of the 49th STBR n N. YAKIMOV 02.09.1942, n N. SUVYRIN 03.1943
- ↑ Field postal station No. 1607 is: 49 OSBR, 208 SD (2F)
- ↑ Zhukov. Khokhlov. Order No. 96 of the commander of the Western Front, commander of the 5th and 33rd armies of January 14, 1942 on the offensive with the aim of defeating the Mozhaisk-Gzhat group of the enemy. TsAMO, f. 208, op. 2513, d.204, l. 443–444.
- ↑ Zhukov. Khokhlov. Sokolovsky. Directive No. 99 of the commander of the troops of the Western Front, commander of the 20th, 16th, 5th armies of January 20, 1942 on the pursuit and completion of the rout of the Gzhat-Mozhaisk group of the enemy. TsAMO, f. 208, op. 2511, d.1025, l. 20-21.
- ↑ Shaposhnikov B.M. The Battle of Moscow. Moscow Operation of the Western Front November 16, 1941 - January 31, 1942
- ↑ April 10, 1942. Participation of the 49th separate rifle brigade in the liberation of Gzhat land
- ↑ Office of the head field evacuation point with evacuation unit No. 111. The medical institution was in the village of Sereda until March 1, 1943.
- ↑ 19. Markin Sergey Ivanovich . Report No. 83863 of October 9, 1946 . HBS Memorial. Date of appeal April 25, 2015.
- ↑ Possible: Mass grave in s. Middle
- ↑ Markin Sergey Ivanovich - Maslovka: artists, paintings, biographies, photographs. Painting, drawing, sculpture of the 20th century.
- ↑ Artist, painter, decorator and wood engraver Sergei Ivanovich Markin : [Catalog]. M .: All-Russian Cooperative Union of Workers of Fine Arts, 1934. C. 5-6.
- ↑ Chronicle // Creativity. 1934. No 3. reg.
- ↑ Golitsyn I., Korovay I. Artists of the First Five-Year Plan // Moscow Artist. 1978. June 7.
- ↑ Roitenberg O. O. Moscow in the works of the artist // Art. 1980. No. 8.
- ↑ Catalog of the exhibition “30s”. 1992.
- ↑ Sevela E. Why there is no paradise on earth / Ed. E. Dubyanskaya. M .: ABC, 2015.320 s.
- ↑ Sosnina L. Classical collection in Vologda // Our Heritage. 2008. No. 86.
- ↑ At the end of 1936, the Vseokhudozhnik informed about the preparation of a large album of 40-sheet graphics on the theme “Socialist Donbass”, which included S. Markin's work “Road to Makeevka” acquired by the gallery. Stalin Art Gallery Archived May 4, 2015 on Wayback Machine and Art Gallery of Stalin . 2013.
- ↑ 4 paintings by S. I. Markin in the collection of the Chuvash State Art Museum, city. Cheboksary.
- ↑ Registration numbers, State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow.
Literature
- Ivanova-Veen L.I. Markin S.I .: 1927 Zhivfak // VKHUTEMAS - VKHUTEIN: Moscow - Leningrad: Graduates 1920-1930: Reference book. M .: ArtKomMedia, 2010.S. 14. (total 48 s. Circulation 500 copies.)
- Painter, painter, decorator and woodcutter Sergey Ivanovich Markin: exhibition at the club to them. Gorky / All-Russian Cooperative Union of Fine Art Workers; open ed. Yu. M. Slavinsky. Moscow: All-Artist, 1934.5, [1] p .; 15 cm. (RSL. Art. Storage: 90 / 8.695)
- Roitenberg O. O. Did someone remember that we were ...: From the history of artistic life. 1925-1935. M .: Galart, 2008.555 s.
- Roitenberg O. O. They died in the war // Art. 1985. No. 4.
- Roitenberg O.O. Moscow in the works of the artist // Art. 1980. No. 8.
- Moscow artists in the days of World War II: Memories. Letters. Articles. / Ed. P.K. Suzdalev, Comp. V.A. Yumatov. M .: Soviet artist, 1981. 511 p.
- Moscow in Russian and Soviet painting. M: State Tretyakov Gallery, 1980.
- Moscow artists of the 20-30s. Catalog. M .: MOSH, Central House of Artists, 1991.
- Directory of exhibitions of Soviet fine art. T. 1 (1917-1932); T. 2 (1933-1940). M .: 1967.
- Artists of the RSFSR for 15 years: (1917-1932) Catalog of the anniversary exhibition of painting, graphics, and sculpture. L .: 1933.
- Exhibition of Single Artists // Proletarian Art. 1932. No. 7/8. S. 29.
Links
- Sergey Markin - Russian art: XX century.
- Maslovka Town of artists - Exhibition catalog