Differential psychology is a branch of psychological science that studies psychological differences, typological differences of psychological manifestations among representatives of various social , class, ethnic, age and other groups. Differential psychology systematizes individual differences and different methods for their diagnosis, as well as quantifies these differences in different areas. [one]
Content
History
William Stern was one of the first scientists to develop the concept of the psychology of individual differences based on the collection of contemporary ideas about the differences between people, and later he added current knowledge about group differences to the concept. The term differential psychology was introduced by Stern in 1900 [2] [3] , however, as an independent discipline, differential psychology has developed relatively recently.
In the former USSR, as well as in Russia, the problems of differential psychology are developed by the Teplov-Nebylitsyn school (the main representatives in the Soviet period were B. M. Teplov , V. D. Nebylitsyn , V. S. Merlin , E. A. Klimov , K. M. Gurevich , E. A. Golubev and a number of other researchers).
Problems of differential psychology
Differential psychology solves 2 problems:
- highlighting individual differences;
- explanation of their origin.
Methods of differential psychology
- The experiments
- Tests
Relationship with other areas of psychology
Differential psychology occupies a vast part of the field of psychological knowledge and is associated with the following sections of psychology:
- with general psychology ;
- with age psychology ;
- with educational psychology ;
- with social psychology ;
- with psychodiagnostics ;
- with psycho-counseling ;
- with questions of psychotherapy ;
- with family psychology ;
- with sociology ;
- with psychophysiology .
Notes
- ↑ Fisher, AJ et al. Lack of group-to-individual generalizability is a threat to human subjects research (English) // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America : journal. - 2018 .-- Vol. 115 , no. 27 . - P. 6106-6115 . - DOI : 10.1073 / pnas.1711978115 .
- ↑ Why was there no place for personalistic thinking in 20th century psychology? // New Ideas in Psychology. - 2010. - No. 28 . - S. 135-142 . - DOI : 10.1016 / j.newideapsych.2009.02.002 .
- ↑ Stern, W. (1900). U¨ber Psychologie der individuellen Differenzen (Ideen zu einer 'differentiellen Psychologie'). Leipzig: Barth.
Links
Psychological types and stages of psychological development: integral and differential perspectives (Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis: a scientific study of 17 models of development levels and 6 personality types of domestic and foreign psychology in the framework of the differential and integral approach; 2014) (Russian)