Pavel Nikolayevich Yushenov (1839–1879) - Major General of the Russian Imperial Army , publicist , translator , teacher , director of the Vladimir-Kiev Military Gymnasium and philanthropist .
| Pavel Nikolaevich Yushenov | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | April 20, 1839 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | April 5, 1879 (aged 39) |
| A place of death | Moscow |
| Affiliation |  Russian empire |
| Rank | major general |
Biography
Pavel Yushenov was born on April 20, 1839; came from the nobility of the Moscow province . He was brought up in the Moscow Cadet Corps , where he completed the course in 1855 as the first student and was listed on a marble board. But since he was barely 16 years old at that time, they could not let him out as an officer, and only on a special request, given that he entered the artillery academy for higher education and, therefore, was not preparing for military service, he was promoted to ensign of the Finnish Life Guards Regiment , with a secondment to the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy [1] .
At the artillery academy, his abilities soon attracted the attention of the artillery professor, General Alexander Stepanovich Platov . The obligatory essay on artillery, written by Yushenov at the time of graduation, was placed in the "Artillery Journal", an example almost the only one at that time in the academy. After graduating from the academy's course in 1857, he was first appointed a tutor and then an artillery teacher in the Moscow Corps, where he was brought up, and at the same time was invited as a private artillery teacher to the Alexander Orphan Cadet Corps , where he soon joined the assistant class inspector. [1] .
P. N. Yushenov devoted all his free time to service to further self-education . Knowing well the German language from childhood, he took up a thorough study of first French , and then English , in order to be able to learn from the scripts both the subject of his specialty and other sciences and literature [1] .
In 1863, Pavel Nikolayevich Yushenov went to the Western Territory and the Kingdom of Poland as a correspondent for Moscow News ; his correspondence, which were also placed in the “ Russian Herald ” and were then read by almost all of Russia [1] .
In the same 1863, he returned to Moscow and was appointed assistant class inspector of the Alexander Military School, which had just been transformed from the Alexander Orphan Cadet Corps, and the following year, Yushenov was appointed class inspector of the same school. From time to time, he continued to publish his articles, mainly of critical content, in the same Moskovskiye Vedomosti and Russky Vestnik [1] .
In 1870, Pavel Nikolayevich Yushenov was appointed to be a member of the main department of military schools. Having more free time in this position, he went abroad, where he studied military schools in France and in Germany, and at the same time translated the book of Demigio and Mantuchi from French into Russian, under the heading: “ Secondary schools in England and Scotland ". This book presents a complete picture of secondary schools in England, with a critical assessment of the corrective measures that are practiced in them. According to contemporaries, "an excellent translation of this book is consistent with the richness of its content " [1] .
In December 1871 he was appointed director of a military gymnasium in the city of Kiev , which had an extensive boarding school of five hundred people and was completely immersed in the worries of this gymnasium, so he no longer had time for literary classes; Yushenov published during this time only two polemical articles in the Russian Bulletin for 1878, in which he pointed out to one professor capital errors in his course on schools in France, Germany, and Great Britain [1] .
Pavel Nikolayevich Yushenov suddenly died of a stroke on April 5, 1879 in Moscow [2] and was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery of the city. According to a spiritual testament, he left at the disposal of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences a very significant capital at that time of 25 thousand rubles, so that of the interest from this amount every five years would be awarded a prize for the best essay in mathematics , physics and medicine [1] .
Already after Yushenov’s death, it became known that he taught several girls, sisters of his pupils from the poorest families, to his personal savings at female schools, and he did it incognito, never publicizing his charity [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Yushenov, Pavel Nikolaevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Pavel Nikolaevich Yushenov
- ↑ Pavel Nikolaevich Yushenov
Literature
- "Yushenov, Pavel Nikolaevich", obituary, M. , 1879.
- " Kievite ", April, and separately.