Bernhard, Thomas

Thomas Bernhard, being an illegitimate child, was raised in Austria by his mother's parents; maternal grandfather was a writer. He studied at a Catholic school, left it in 1947 , starting to work as a seller in a shop. In 1949-51, he was cured in a pulmonary sanatorium; he suffered from lung disease all his life.

In 1955–57, he studied acting at the Mozarteum Salzburg University of Music and Drama. Then he devoted himself completely to literature. In 1965 he moved to his own house in the district of Gmunden , where he died in 1989.

Thomas Bernhard found his director in the person of Klaus Paiman , who directed his plays in Bochum and in the Vienna Burgtheater , and Bernhard dedicated his last play, “Klaus Peyman buys pants for himself ...” (Claus Peymann kauft sich eine Hose und geht mit mir essen), which is currently on the stage of the Berliner Ensemble Theater ^[1] . Among the plays there are also written specially for famous actors: “Minetti” ( 1977 ) for Bernhard Minetti , “Ritter, Dene, Foss” ( 1984 ) for Ilse Ritter, Kirsten Dene and Herth Foss.

A sickly loner, irreconcilable to any falsehood in personal and public relations, Bernhard, with his fierce criticism of all the institutions of Austrian society, earned a reputation in the country as a denunciator and a public brawler. The will forbade the publication and staging of his works in Austria.

Winner of the city of Bremen ( 1965 ), Austrian State Prize ( 1968 ), Anton Wildgans ( 1968 ), Georg Buchner ( 1970 ), Franz Grilparzer and Franz-Theodor Chokor (both 1972 ), Mondello International Literary Prize ( 1983 ), Feltrinelli Prize ( 1987 ), the French Medici Prize ( 1988 ), etc.

• Midland at Stilfs // Austrian novel of the XX century. - M.: Fiction , 1981. (Recorded as Thomas Bernhard.)
• Selected: Stories and Tales. - M.: Rainbow, 1983 .-- 271 p.
• Basement // Foreign Literature . 1983. No. 11.
• Frost. Tallinn, 1984.
• A child as a child // Tales of Austrian writers. - M.: Rainbow, 1988.
• Tragedy? Or a comedy? // Art and artist in a foreign novel of the XX century. SPb., 1992.
• Old masters. M., 1995. (Series "Almanac of German Literature").
• Yauregg // Neva . 1997. No. 6.
• Appearance is deceiving and other plays. - M .: Ad Marginem , 1999 .-- 718 p.
• Chill. - M.: Symposium , 2000 .-- 491 p.
• Nephew of Wittgenstein // Foreign Literature . 2003. No. 2.
• Incidents // "Creative & Creativity", magazine. 2005.
• Everything in me ...: Autobiography: Tales. - SPb .: Ivan Limbakh Publishing House , 2006. - 573 p.
• Missing Famous; Simulator of voices // Foreign Literature . 2010. No. 2.
• From the book "Voice Simulator" // Rhino . Winter 2017/2018. Number 7.
• Incidents / Translation from German by E. Gaidukova, A. Ognev, V. Cherkasov. M .: Libra, 2018.

• Belobratov A.V. Thomas Bernhard: Twenty Years Later // Foreign Literature. - 2010. - No. 2 . - S. 4-10 .
• Belobratov A.V., Novikova S. Yu. Lermontovsky trace in the work of Thomas Bernhard // Mir Lermontov. Collective Monograph / Under. ed. M.N. Virolainen and A.A. Karpova. - SPb. : Scriptorium, 2015 .-- S. 799-808. - 976 p. - ISBN 978-5-905011-12-2 .
• Zatonsky D.V. Austrian literature in the twentieth century. - M .: Fiction, 1985. - 444 p.
• Kotelevskaya V. V. “The Inner Man” of Modernism: Visualization Languages ​​by Thomas Bernhard and Francis Bacon // Practices and Interpretations: Journal of Philological, Cultural and Educational Studies. - 2016. - T. 1 , No. 1 . - S. 15-43 .
• Kotelevskaya V.V. House of Wittgenstein - Bernhard: going back and forth // Logos. - 2017. - No. 6 . - S. 257-287 .
• Kotelevskaya V.V. Towards a Modernist Poetology of Walking: R. M. Rilke, R. Walser, T. Bernhard, P. Handke // Perm University Herald. Russian and foreign philology. - 2017. - T. 9 , No. 3 . - S. 96-108 .
• Kotelevskaya VV Russian anarchist text in Thomas Bernhard’s novel “Lime Plant”: reception strategies // Bulletin of Perm University. Russian and foreign philology. - 2019 .-- T. 11 , No. 1 . - S. 98-109 .
• Kotelevskaya V.V. Thomas Bernhard and the modernist meta-fan: monograph . - Rostov-on-Don; Taganrog: Publishing House of the Southern Federal District, 2018 .-- 352 p. - ISBN 978-5-9275-2778-6 .
• Kotelevskaya V.V. Interpretation of the subject and art in the poetics of K.F. Moritz and T. Bernhard: the source and sunset of modernity // Aesthetization of personal experience in a European novel of the XVIII – XX centuries. . - Rostov-on-Don: Publishing House of the Southern Federal University, 2014. - S. 57-109. - 208 p. - ISBN 978-5-9275-1351-2 .
• Novikova S. Yu. On the problem of narrative unity of the autobiographical pentalogy of Thomas Bernhard (1975–1982) // Bulletin of the Southern Federal University. Philological sciences. - 2016. - No. 1 . - S. 28-36 .
• Novikova S. Yu. Peculiarities of T. Bernhard's autofunctional letter: to the interpretation of the finale of the story “Basement” (1976) // Philological Sciences. Questions of theory and practice. - 2016. - No. 2-1 . - S. 52–55 .
• Pavlova N.S. Reality and genre by Bernhard // Pavlova N.S. Nature of reality in Austrian literature. - M .: Languages ​​of Slavic culture, 2005. - S. 268-297. - 321 p. - (Studia philologica). - ISBN 5-9551-0106-3 .
• Romashko S. A. Dostoevsky and Thomas Bernhard: the speaking subject as the organizing moment of the text // Questions of Philology. - 2004. - No. 1 . - S. 81—86 .
• Sokolova E.V. Studies on the work of Thomas Bernhard (summary) // Social and Human Sciences. Domestic and foreign literature. Ser. 7: Literary criticism. Abstract journal. - 2002. - No. 1 . - S. 155-170 .
• Tashenov S.P. Pathology and communication strategy of the text of Thomas Bernhard // Bulletin of the Russian State Humanitarian University. Series: History. Philology. Culturology. Oriental studies. - 2008. - No. 9 . - S. 119-128 .

• Thomas Bernhard: works, essays, reviews (English)
• Thomas Bernhard - Eine Existenzauslöschung (German)
• Website of the International Bernhard Society (German)
• No. 2 of the journal "Foreign Literature" for 2010 dedicated to the work of Bernhard
• Thomas Bernhard in the library of Maxim Moshkov