Cardiosclerosis (from the ancient Greek καρδία "heart" and σκληρός "solid") is a pathology of the heart muscle , characterized by the growth of connective cicatricial tissue in the myocardium, replacement of muscle fibers and deformation of the valves.
The development of areas of cardiosclerosis occurs at the site of myocardial fiber death, which entails at first compensatory myocardial hypertrophy, then dilatation of the heart with the development of relative valvular insufficiency. Cardiosclerosis is a frequent outcome of coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease , myocarditis of various origins, myocardial dystrophy .
Content
Classification
Morphologically, there are two forms of cardiosclerosis: focal and diffuse.
Depending on the etiology of cardiosclerosis is divided:
- postinfarction cardiosclerosis - develops after a myocardial infarction , as a rule, is focal in nature;
- atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis - develops as a result of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, is diffuse;
- Post-myocarditis cardiosclerosis - develops as a result of the occurrence of the inflammatory process in the myocardium, is diffuse;
- congenital cardiosclerosis - is caused by congenital diseases such as collagenosis and subendocardial fibroelastosis. [one]
Symptoms
Focal and moderate diffuse cardiosclerosis can often be clinically asymptomatic.
For the diagnosis of diffuse cardiosclerosis, the main symptoms are heart failure and impaired contractile function of the myocardium, the larger, the larger the area of myocardial functional tissue is replaced by connective.
Violations of conductivity and rhythm are marked as a heartbeat, arrhythmia . With the development of the phenomena of heart failure, shortness of breath , swelling, pain in the heart, decreased endurance to physical exertion, etc. appear.
Cardiosclerosis proceeds with a gradual progression and alternation of periods of relative remission lasting up to several years.
Diagnostics
- ECG
- Echocardiography
- MRI or CT
- Myocardial scintigraphy [2]
Veterinary
This damage to the heart is accompanied by limited performance in horses and reduced productivity in cows due to insufficient blood circulation on the basis of dystrophic changes in the myocardium with compaction of the heart walls and coronary vessels. The skin venous vessels with this disease usually protrude, and the venous pressure in horses and cows is more often increased by 180-300 millimeters of water column. [3]
Notes
- ↑ Cardiosclerosis: forms, causes, symptoms, treatment . sosudinfo.ru. The appeal date is March 10, 2019.
- ↑ Cardiosclerosis: symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment of cardiosclerosis . lookmedbook.ru. The appeal date is March 10, 2019.
- ↑ GV Domrachev et al. Pathology and therapy of internal non-communicable diseases of farm animals. - M. , 1960. - 504 p.