Viola arsenica (lat.) Is a species of dicotyledonous plants of the genus Violet ( Viola ) of the family Violet ( Violaceae ). It was first described by the Austrian botanist Gunter Beck in 1894 [2] [3] .
| Viola arsenica | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Viola arsenica Beck , 1894 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution and habitat
Endemic to the south of Northern Macedonia [4] , growing only in the Alshar mine, located 40 km south-west of Prilep [5] . Alshar is an abandoned mine [6] ; it is unique in its great variety of mineral composition, primarily its high thallium content, as well as many other toxic chemical elements [7] .
The plant prefers areas with a high content of arsenic in the soil [8] .
Botanical Description
Shoots naked. Stem with elongated internodes. The flower-bearing part of the stem is up to 25 cm long, thickened [9] .
The leaves are light green, from ovoid to almost heart-shaped, with a truncated base and a rounded apex; stipules narrow, lanceolate [9] .
The flowers are yellow, rarely purple, with wide petals [9] .
It blooms in May [9] .
The number of chromosomes : 2n = 20 [10] .
The roots of Viola arsenica actively accumulate arsenic [6] . In addition, a high content of heavy metals of antimony and thallium was found in specimens of the species. Some other plants growing in this territory have similar properties — the species of the genus Violet Viola allchariensis endemic for this region, as well as the Balkan endemic Viola macedonica (= Viola tricolor subsp. Macedonica ) [7] . Growing Viola arsenica are “indicators” of arsenic-rich soils [8] .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Viola arsenica Beck - The Plant List
- ↑ Tropicos | Name - Viola arsenica G. Becker
- ↑ Viola arsenica information from NPGS / GRIN Archived on April 15, 2015.
- ↑ Catalog of Life - 18th March 2015 :: Species details
- ↑ 1 2 Accumulation of arsenic and heavy metals in some Viola species from an abandoned mine, Alchar, Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) - ResearchGate
- ↑ 1 2 Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by endemic Viola species from the soil in the vicinity of the As-Sb-Tl mine "allchar 'Republic of Macedonia. - PubMed - NCBI
- ↑ 1 2 https://web.archive.org/web/20150415225139/http://www.electroluxpalenzo.mk/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=117&Itemid=68
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 18 abt. 2 - Beihefte zum botanischen Centralblatt. - Biodiversity Heritage Library
- ↑ Tropicos | Name - Viola arsenica G. Becker