The ghetto in Mikashevichi (1942 - August 6, 1942) is a Jewish ghetto , the place of forced resettlement of Jews in the city of Mikashevichi, Luninets district of the Brest region and nearby settlements during the persecution and extermination of Jews during the occupation of Belarus by Nazi Germany during the Second World War .
| Ghetto in Mikashevichy | |
|---|---|
 Monument on the mass grave Jews Mikashevichi | |
| Location | Mikashevichi Luninets district Brest region |
| Period of existence | 1942 - August 6, 1942 |
| Death toll | more than 400 |
Content
The occupation of the Mikashevichs and the creation of the ghetto
In the mid-1930s, about 400 Jews lived in Mikashevichy [1] .
Immediately after the capture of the city by German troops, the invaders began to use Jews in heavy forced labor - in construction, cleaning canals, cleaning streets, cutting down trees. Jews were abused with impunity - for example, harnessed to a cart and forced to pull a barrel of water instead of a horse [2] .
Once, for intimidation, the Germans gathered all the Jews, took Bentsion Shusterman and Yankel the Bookbinder out and publicly killed them with shots in the heart [2] .
In 1942, the Germans, implementing the Hitler program of extermination of Jews , drove the Jews to the Mikashevichs in the ghetto [1] [2] [3] .
Ghetto Destruction
On August 6 [2] (in May-July [1] ) of 1942 the ghetto in Mikashevichi was destroyed - the Nazis and policemen killed, according to various sources, from 418 [4] to 456 Jews [1] [5] .
| From the recollections of the Jewish partisan Mordhe Kravets [2] : “Hitler’s doctor and accountant, Lin and their wives, were left alive, but not for long. On September 2, 1942, the Nazis killed the remaining 5 specialists in the city: three engineers and two doctors. They were pulled to the edge of the grave and ordered to strip naked. Having lost consciousness from bullying, Lina Rubenstein sat down on the edge of the pit, the Hitler man approached him and began to beat him with his butt, shouting “Get up!” Lina's wife helped him up. Hitler’s wife asked the monsters: “Finish the bullying soon!” One of the bastards came up to her, and splashing a couple of times on the chest and lower back, said: “Yes! Fat meat. The worms will have good nutrition. ” |
All men were the first to be taken out of the ghetto and killed near a previously dug grave pit on the edge of the town. The Hitlerites dragged Leiba Tailor’s paralyzed father by the arms and legs, threw him on a cart, drove him to the pit and threw him into the pit. After the execution of men, the punishers brought out and killed women and children [2] .
On September 2, 1942, the Nazis killed 5 survivors - three engineers and two doctors [2] .
Cases of Salvation
He managed to escape from the Mikashevichi ghetto into the forest of Mulia Zaychik, who subsequently repatriated to Israel . A doctor by the name of Hitler miraculously survived one of his three sons, who also left for Israel. Just a few more Jews who survived then moved to Russia [2] .
Memory
Incomplete lists of victims of the Jewish genocide in Mikashevichy have been published [6] .
On the mass grave of the victims of the Jewish genocide in Mikashevichi in 1992, an obelisk was installed with an inscription in Hebrew and with words in Russian: “ Everything is forgiven, it will never be forgiven for shedding innocent blood. Innocent ruined 6 hundred victims of fascism in Mikashevichi. 1942 ” [1] [2] .
Another monument is installed in Israel in the city of Holon [5] .
Sources
| From the transcript of the Frankfurt process of 1973 [7] [8] : “The main department of the SS. Bergal Rasp to the commander of the SD in Pinsk Rusku and the gebitsomissar (personally)
|
- E.N. Gneўka, A.L. Petrashkevich i insh. (redcal.), T.V. Kanapatskaya (laying). “Memory. Lunetsky Ryan. " - Mn. : “Belarus”, 1995. - 720 p. - ISBN 985-01-0029-X . (belor.)
- Mikashevichi - an article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia ;
- Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- State Archive of the Brest Region (GABO), - fund 2733, inventory 1, file 40, sheet 4;
- Archive Yad Vashem , - TR-Yu document (786)
Literature
- Smilovitsky L. L. The catastrophe of the Jews in Belarus, 1941-1944 . - Tel Aviv: Matthew Black Library, 2000 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 965-7094-24-0 .
- Yitzhak Arad . The extermination of the Jews of the USSR during the years of German occupation (1941-1944). Compilation of documents and materials, Jerusalem, Yad Vashem Publishing House , 1991, ISBN 9653080105
- Chernoglazova R. A., Kheer H. The tragedy of the Jews of Belarus in 1941-1944: a collection of materials and documents. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and more .. - Mn. : E. S. Halperin, 1997 .-- 398 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 985627902X .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Mikashevichi - article from the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 M. Kravets. From the history of the Mikashevichy ghetto
- ↑ Adamushko V.I., Biryukova O.V., Kryuk V.P., Kudryakova G.A. Directory of places of forced detention of civilians in the occupied territory of Belarus 1941-1944. - Mn. : National Archive of the Republic of Belarus, State Committee for Archives and Record Keeping of the Republic of Belarus, 2001. - 158 p. - 2000 copies. - ISBN 985-6372-19-4 .
- ↑ Poison of Yours . The project of perpetuating the names of Jews who died in the occupied territories of the former USSR. Brest region
- ↑ 1 2 “Memory. Lunetsky Raion. ", 1995 , p. 470.
- ↑ "Memory. Lunetsky Raion. ", 1995 , p. 470-472.
- ↑ Archive Yad Vashem , - TR-Yu document (786)
- ↑ "Memory. Lunetsky Raion. ", 1995 , p. 324.
See also
- Ghetto in the Luninets district