Kodunai Erhij Balgasan

During the civil war in the Khorinsky aimak (which included the Kizhinginsky district in the administrative division of that time), the so-called “ theocratic boorish movement”, led by Lama L.-S., gained great importance. Tsydenov . ^[1] It began in June 1918, when, in response to the mobilization announced by the Military Revolutionary Headquarters of Transbaikalia, the Khorinsky Buryats adopted a resolution “on the liberation of the Buryats from the draft in Ulan Tsagda ( red horsemen ), as they were never attracted to military service. " Later, for the same reason, the Khorintsy refused to go to Tsagan Tsagdy ( white horsemen ) ataman Semenov . The remaining Buryats also negatively accepted the call for mobilization, but the reaction of the Khorinsky Buryats was the most organized - the Khorintsy acted "... according to the prediction of the contemplator Lama Tsydenov . " ^[one]

During the hostilities that broke out in 1918 between the Bolsheviks and the rebel Transbaikal Cossacks, in the summer of 1918 the White Guard ataman Semyonov seized power in Transbaikalia . ^[2] After the capture of Verkhneudinsk, he issued a decree on the mobilization of the Buryats into the White Army . Since earlier, under the tsarist regime, the nomadic Buryats did not have conscription, they began to actively avoid conscription of the chieftain Semyonov into the army. Part of the drill, contrary to their desire, was transferred to the Cossack estate . In response to these actions of the White Guards, discontent began to grow among the Buryat population, expressed in sabotaging the draft in the White Army . ^[3]

Unsatisfied with the small number of Buryat recruits, the White Guard authorities of Ataman Semenov sent messages to the elders of the clan with the threat of reprisals in case of a breakdown in the mobilization of the Buryat population. The threats of the Semenov administration were taken seriously by the population - the Semenovites conducted regular punitive raids against the civilian population. The Cossacks of Semyonov’s detachments, led by generals A.I. Tirbakh, Baron von Ungern (future dictator of Mongolia), and also the punitive detachments of Chistokhin and Filypin were especially distinguished by cruelty. ^[4] In February 1919, representatives of the Buddhists of the Koduna and Kizhinga valleys , who suffered from forcible involvement in the ranks of the White movement, filed a written petition for protection against harassment to their religious leader - Lubsan-Sandan Tsydenov ^[5] . To this L.-S. Tsydenov recommended the Kizhinga Buryats to create their own state. On April 23, 1919 (on the 14th day of the 5th month of the 1st year according to the calendar of booths), a congress (Constituent Great Loam) of 102 delegates took place on the slope of the holy mountain of Chelsan, at which the creation of the theocratic state of “ Kodunai Erhidzh Balgasan ” was proclaimed . ^{[5] The} state occupied the territory of three khoshuns - Tsagatsky, Bogoldunsky and Halbinsky. Lubsan-Sandan Tsydenov became the head of this state, adopting the title “Tsog-Tuguldur Dharma Raja Khan” (“King of the Three Worlds, Lord of Learning”). The center of the state was the location of the head of state in Soorhe, near the village. Ust-Orot (since all this time the Sandan Lama did not interrupt his retreat and all communication with his subjects was in writing). Lama Silnam Dorji Badmaev was elected heir to the throne. Heads of government and ministers were elected, with the exception of the Minister of Defense, since the state of Kodunai Erhij Balgasan was not involved in the formation of the army. ^{[3] The} head of state (shirety) Dharma Raja Khan Tsydenov forbade his subjects to join both the White and the Red Army . This gave the Buryats a formal reason to refuse service to the White Movement commanders, directing them to the widespread L.-S. Tsydenov as his head. ^[five]

The reaction of Ataman Semenov to such a demarche of the Kizhinga Buryats was immediate - already in mid-May, a detachment of Trans-Baikal Cossacks arrived in Kodunai Erhij Balgasan to restore order. On the night of May 10-11, 1919 at the headquarters of L.-S. Tsydenova in the tract Soorhe arrived detachment of Semenovites, led by Colonel Korvin-Piotrovsky (later emigrated to fame as a poet, prose writer and playwright). They arrested the government of Kodunai Erhij Balgasan, headed by Dharma Raja Khan Tsydenov - only 14 (according to other sources - 29 ^[1] ) people. The authority of the White Guard administration was restored on the territory of the Kizhinginsky district, and the territory of the Kodun state was included in the Russian state of the Supreme Ruler Kolchak. The arrested members of the government were placed in Verkhneudinsky prison. ^[3] June 19 L.-S. Tsydenov was released as "abnormal." However, its popularity among the Buryats has increased significantly. During 1919 L.-S. Tsydenov was arrested 2 more times by representatives of the White movement.

In March 1920, the regime of ataman Semenov fell and the FER administration came to power, which was even less sympathetic to Dharma Raj Khan L.-S. Tsydenov. Almost all the remaining time until his death L.-S. Tsydenov spent in places of detention. At the beginning of July 1921, in the Sholot datsan, according to a written order from the Sandan Lama Tsydenov prison, his successor, recognized by him as the reincarnation of Gyyag Rinpoche, eight-year-old Bidiyadara Dandaron , was elevated. ^[5] In the celebration lasting 3 days, participated "... a huge number of believers. There were solemn prayers, horse races, wrestling, refreshments, etc. ” The new chapter of theocrats "... is presented with the title of Heir to the throne, ... Nanzan hadak, a sacrifice through the mandala, giving him an honorary chair" Tushelgetei shehere " ^[1] . In 1922, Lama Tsydenov was sent outside the Far East to Novo-Nikolaevsk , where he died from pleurisy . ^[5] In ulus Shana Kizhinginsky district established the so-called "balagatsky center" with his staff and the police arrest facilities. this time balagaty-theocrats lasted 9 months. In March 1922, 11 main leaders, the rest Lama Sholotskogo DAZ were arrested to have been dispersed In response began that against which at one time had an idea of theocracy, -. armed conflict, especially vigorously manifested themselves villagers Mogsohon They organized a detachment of 150 cavalry and tried to free prisoners, but they did not succeed, all those arrested were.. But the resistance continued for a long time, and only in February 1927 the last remnants of the movement of the booths were liquidated by a special operational group of the OGPU. ^[one]