Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad ( January 12, 1889 - November 7, 1965 ) - II Khalif of the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi , Head of the Ahmadiy Muslim Community and eldest son of Mirza Gulam Ahmad and his second wife, Nusrat Jahan Begum. He was elected as the second successor to Mirza Gulam Ahmad on March 14, 1914, at the age of 25, the day after the death of his predecessor, Hakim Nuruddin ^[3] . He created the organizational structure of the Ahmadi community, improved its administration, compiled 10 volumes of interpretation of the Koran and developed extensive missionary activities outside the subcontinent of India (and then of Pakistan ). He was a renowned speaker and an active politician, especially before the independence of India . Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad is considered by members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community as Muslihi Maud (Promised Reformer ) or the “Promised Son”, according to Mirza Gulam Ahmad ’s prophecy that God will give him a son ^[4] .

Mirza Bashiruddin
urdu مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد
The Second Caliph of the Promised Messiah March 14, 1914 - November 7, 1965
Predecessor	Hakim Nuruddin
Successor	Mirza Nasir Ahmad
Birth
Death
Burial place
Father	Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Mother	Nusrat Jahan
Spouse	1. Mahmud Begum (1903) 2. Amtul Khai (1914) 3. Sarah Begum 4. Aziz Begum 5. Maryam Begum 6. Maryam Sadika 7. Bushra Begum
Children	24 children
Autograph

Birth of adolescence and youth

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad was born on January 12, 1889 in Kadian , Punjab , India into the family of Mirza Gulam Ahmad and his spouse Mrs. Nusrat Jahan Begum. In the same year, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the Ahmadiyya movement in Islam. In early childhood, he was a mischievous, playful and carefree boy ^[5] . However, due to his illness, he was never able to receive a secondary education . In his youth, he remained an active member of his father’s movement. He accompanied him on many trips and founded a magazine called "Tashhizul Akhzan" ^[6] .

In 1907, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad announced that a commentary on Surah “ Al-Fatiha ”, the first chapter of the Quran, was revealed to him by means of an angel and by means of a vision. According to Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, this vision meant that God placed the knowledge of the Koran in his mind in the form of seeds. From this point on, according to eyewitnesses, he was granted a special knowledge of the interpretation of the Koran ^[7] .

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, for a long time, studied the Quran , in this case its first chapter. When he reached the verse -

يَّاكَ نَعْبُد وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين

- [Quran] Surah Al-Fatih Ayat: 5

“We worship you alone and we cry to you alone for help, the angel told him the following:

All previous commentators were able to comment only up to this point. I wish to push your knowledge further. ” According to the words of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, the angel said to him: “Go on”. After that, he continued to teach him until he taught him how to interpret the whole al-Fatiha sura ... Since then, he has not had a single day that would not affect Al-Fatiha sura. God always taught him and opened ways for him to learn various branches of knowledge . In his infinite mercy, God explained to him all the complex subjects described in the Holy Quran .

- Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, Promised Reformer, Anwarul Ulyum, vol. 17 p. 570

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad died in Lahore on May 26, 1908, when Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad turned 19 years old. The next day, May 27, 1908, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad brought a vow of allegiance to Khakim Nuruddin , the first successor to Mirza Gulam Ahmad . After the death of his father, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad continued to study the Quran , the Hadiths of the Sahih al-Bukhari , the Masnavi of Jalaluddin Rumi and the basics of healing under the leadership of Hakim Maulvi Nuruddina , with whom he had close friendship. Maulana Hakim Nuruddin had a great influence on the life of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad. He also began writing articles for various editions of the Ahmadian community and often led theological discussions with various community scientists. In July 1911, he was appointed Head of the Ahmadiy community .

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad visited Egypt and Saudi Arabia in September 1912, where he made a hajj during his trip. Upon his return to Qadian in June 1913, he began to publish a newspaper called Al-Fazl ^[8] . This newspaper of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is a means of moral education of its members, preaching Islam and acquainting the readers with the history of the Ahmadiy community .

Caliphate

On March 13, 1914, at 2 am, in Kadian, India, the first Caliph of the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi Hakim Maulvi Nuruddin died. The next day, in the Nur mosque , after the prayer “Asr”, Muhammad Ali Khan - a prominent member of the Ahmadi community read aloud his testament , which read:

In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, and the Most Merciful. We praise Him and call upon the blessings of his noble Messenger . Your humble servant writes in full possession of his feelings. There is no worthy worship except Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah . My children are still small and there are no funds left in our house. Allah Almighty is their guardian . They should not be funded from a fund for orphans and the needy. They can only borrow money. This debt must be repaid by my sons when they grow up and will be able to do it. All my books and property should go to them. My successor must be righteous , famous and educated. He must have exemplary behavior. He must be patient with old and new friends of the Promised Messiah. I was friendly to everyone, so he should be the same. He should continue to teach the community the Holy Quran and Hadith . Peace to you.

- Hakim Nuruddin. Testament, March 4, 1914.

After the testimony of the first Khalifa was read, the members of the Ahmadi community who were there concluded that Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad met all the criteria of the successor described in the testament . They began to call on Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad to accept their vow of allegiance . Being unprepared for such a turn of events, he turned to Maulvi Sayyid Sarvar Shah and said: “Mr. Maulvi, this burden fell on me suddenly and unexpectedly, I cannot even remember the word of pledge of loyalty. Please help me with this. ” After that, he began to take a vow of loyalty to the members of the community present there, repeating the words after Mr. Sarvar Shah. After taking a vow of loyalty, he offered a plea and made a short speech. Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad was elected II Caliph of the Promised Messiah on March 14, 1914.

Under his leadership, the further development of the missionary field and bringing the Ahmadiyya madrasah to the university level were carried out. During his tenure as Khalifa, he founded 46 foreign missions and the establishment of Anjouman Tahrik Jadid, in which funds were donated from members of the Ahmadia Muslim Community to train missionaries and their stay in various countries. These foreign missions of the Ahmadi community were established in Mauritius (1915), in the USA (1920), Ghana (1921), Egypt (1922), Bukhara (1923), Iran (1924), Palestine and Syria (1925), on Java , in Colombo (1931), Burma , Japan (1935), Argentina , Albania (1936), Yugoslavia , Sierra Leone (1937), Spain (1946) and Lebanon (1949). Under the leadership of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, many mosques were built, where missions were created. Began to publish magazines and periodicals in various languages. The translation of the Quran into English with detailed comments, taking into account the interest of European peoples, was initiated under his personal guidance ^[9] .

Split

On March 14, 1914 in Kadian , after the death of the First Caliph of the Promised Messiah , his will was read out loud at the request of members of the supreme council of the Ahmadi community and it was decided to elect a successor. Shortly thereafter, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad was elected the second successor to Mirza Gulam Ahmad . Almost immediately, the faction led by Maulana Muhammad Ali and Khoja Kamaluddin strongly opposed his succession and refused to accept him as the next Khalif of the Promised Messiah. This was due to certain doctrinal differences regarding the nature of the prophecy of Mirza Gulam Ahmad, as well as the ability of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad to lead the Ahmadiy community . As a result, they left Kadian and settled in Lahore , where they established an organization called “Anjman Ishaati Islam”.

Professor Yochanan Friedman, the continuous religious prophecy of Ahmadi in the aspect of medieval thinking ", describes this split as follows:

Although the differences within this movement are always described in terms of doctrinal differences, the clash of personalities probably also played a role. It is reasonable to assume that Muhammad Ali, who had a master ’s degree in English , taught at various colleges in Lahore and was associated with the Ahmadi community since 1892, was not easy to bring himself to accept the guidance of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, who was also fifteen years younger than him. After all, besides all this, he had poor academic performance and, as a result, he could not even get a secondary education. A similar explanation was taken by the position of Khoja Kamaluddin, who was born in 1870, and was almost twenty years older than Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad. He joined the Ahmadi movement in 1893. In the same year, he received a degree from the Christian College Foreman and was engaged in teaching at the College of Islam in Lahore . In 1898 he received a law degree and began to practice law .

- Yohanan Friedman, The Continuous Religious Prophecy of Ahmadi in the Aspect of Medieval Thinking, p. 21. ^[10]

Non-cooperation movement

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad gained fame as an important politician before the independence of India . He had close contacts with the leadership of the All-India Muslim League . In 1919, after the defeat of Turkey in the First World War, which had a great influence on the Muslims of India, the All-India Muslim Conference was held in Lucknow to discuss the future existence of Turkey . Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad was invited to this conference. He was not able to attend in person, but he wrote a brochure on the future of Turkey and the duties of Muslims . This brochure was read at the conference .

The position of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, as a rule, diverged from the activities of the Caliphate movement , which sought to protect the Ottoman Caliphate and put pressure on the British government to defend the Ottoman Empire. The movement of the caliphate became the main part of the efforts of the movement for non-cooperation ^[11] . Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad claimed that the activity of this movement was directed against the teachings of Islam and caused great damage to Muslims. He stressed the lack of conditions under which Islam allows itself to refuse to cooperate, and called for preaching and social interaction with the British . He also criticized the election of Mahatma Gandhi as the leader of the movement, calling on Muslim leaders to leave Islam and join it for the sake of the movement for non-cooperation.

Interfaith Consent

In 1919, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad also appointed a number of young talented Muslims - Ahmadi to study the major religions of the world . He also gave a number of public lectures on the need for religion and the world’s dependence on Islam in the future. In 1920, in order to promote understanding and harmony between Hindus and Muslims , he suggested that Hindus send twenty students to Qadian to study the Koran . In turn, he sent two Muslim students to certain Hindu centers to study the Vedas . He also lectured on the Holy Quran for the men and women of the Ahmadi community. ^[12]

Reforms in the organization Sadr Anjman Ahmadiya

This photograph was taken during the 1924 Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad trip to England . From right to left: Fazlyul Rahman Hakim, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad and Abdu Rahim Navvar. At the bottom, two people from West Africa ..

In 1919, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad carried out certain reforms in the organization Sadr Anjman Ahmadiyya (Central Executive Body). He was the initiator of the formation of a system of individual institutions and departments in the field of education, treasury, literature and common affairs. Each of these departments is headed (Nazir). Later, reforms included the introduction of a department for foreign affairs, and the creation of a management system for local communities, initially, only within Punjab . Amir (Leader) of each local community performed the representative functions of the Khalifa of the Ahmadiya Muslim Community in the field. ^[12]

Creating the Majlisi Shura

In 1922, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad created the Majlis-ash-Shura or community advisory council. This council consists of representatives elected by members of the Ahmadi community throughout the world. This council meets once a year for discussion and proposals on all matters relating to the activities of the Ahmadi community. However, the final decision is made by the Caliph ^[13] . At the international level, this council is chaired by a caliph. Its main purpose is to advise the caliph on important issues such as finances , projects , education , and other issues related to community members. The Caliph may comment, issue instructions, announce his decisions on proposals during the trial, or may postpone this issue for further reflection on it. However, in most cases the caliph accepts the advice given by the majority. At the national level, the council is chaired by Amir (National President). At the conclusion of the trial , recommendations are sent to the Caliph for approval. He has the right to accept them or reject or partially agree with them. ^[14]

Shuddhi and the Arya Samaj Movement

In the early twenties, the Arya Samaj (Hindu reformist movement) launched the Shuddhi missionary campaign ^[15] to return to Hinduism those who converted to other religions (in most cases Islam ), in particular the Rajput group under the name "Malkanas" ^[16] . The Suddhi Company was quite successful in its activities, between 1922-1923. ^[17] This missionary company was active in Agra and Punjab . When Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad found out about this activity, he began to create a counter movement in order to spread the teachings of Islam and keep people from converting to Hinduism . Under his personal leadership, a network of missionaries was created throughout the Uttar Pradesh region , where this activity was widely distributed. ^[18]

In 1923, he sent a delegation of Ahmadi Muslims to prevent further advancement of this ideology. This act brought him some popularity among the Muslim elite of India . In September 1923, the Aryans announced the termination of the Suddhi Company. ^[19]

Later in 1926, a Muslim fanatic Abdul Rashid stabbed Swami Sradhananda ^[20] , the head of the Bhartya Hindu Shuddi Sabha movement. In the second half of the twenties and early thirties, in accordance with the directives of various meetings and rallies, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad initiated a meeting dedicated to the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . These meetings are called “Jalsa siratul nabi”. They are held throughout the Indian subcontinent, with the participation of both Muslims and non-Muslims. This practice is still being carried out by Ahmadi Muslims. ^[21]

Tour of the Middle East and Europe

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad (sitting in the center) with scientists who accompanied him on a tour of the Middle East and Europe.

In 1924, accompanied by 12 prominent Muslims - Ahmadi, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad visited various regions of the Middle East and European countries . He traveled to the port of Said in Cairo , and from there to Jerusalem , Haifa and Akka . Later, he traveled by train to Damascus , where he was reportedly attracted great attention from the public and the opposition . ^[22] Here he discussed the claims of prominent scholars regarding the claims of Mirza Gulam Ahmad , and also held a series of meetings with the intellectual community of Damascus . ^[23]

On August 16, he reached Italy and spent 4 days in Rome . He also visited France and England , where he delivered numerous reports , held a series of meetings and gave interviews to numerous journalists . Upon arriving in London, he visited Ludgate Hill. Thus, the prophetic hadith was performed about the Dajjal , which was to be killed at the gate of Lud. ^[24] ) Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad performed a silent prayer near the Cathedral of St. Paul . In 1924, his report titled “Ahmadiyyat - true Islam” was read at the conference of world religions in Wembley, where he was invited by the organizers of the conference, to represent Islam. In London, he laid the foundation stone for the Fazl mosque . This event has received very good publicity. The construction of this mosque was completed in 1926. All expenses for its construction were fully covered by the women of the Ahmadiy community. ^[25] He also visited the town of Pevensey, where he visited the monument to William the Conqueror , believing that his visit had a mystical significance in the performance of his spiritual vision , which had opened to him in India just before his departure. ^[26] In Brighton, he also visited the memorial to fallen comrades in arms during the Second World War, known as the “Chattri” (Brighton). He offered a prayer, standing in front of the royal palace. ^[27]

All-India Kashmir Committee

In 1931, the All-India Committee of Kashmir was established. It was created to protect civil rights and ease the fate of the Muslims of Kashmir . Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad was elected the first president of this committee. In order to improve the lives of Muslims of Kashmir , he sought to gather Muslim leaders with different opinions on the same platform and achieved great success in this matter. The committee drew the attention of Muslims of Kashmir to education . Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad provided personal practical assistance in achieving this goal . She also urged Kashmir Muslims to trade, commerce and participate in the politics of their country. ^[28]

At the same time, the committee faced strong opposition from the Indian National Congress and the Ahrori movement against Ahmadiyyat . Akhrori argued that the formation of this committee under the leadership of Muslims, Ahmadi, has the goal of spreading Ahmadiya’s teaching. They strongly opposed the leadership of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad. In 1931, in his speech, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad advised the followers of the Akhrori movement the following:

I urge everyone here, the followers of the Ahrori movement, to go and pass my words to all my friends! I do not care to what extent they are angry with me. They must stop these rumors for the sake of the oppressed brothers of Kashmir . Let them come. I am ready to leave the presidency, but they must promise that they will follow the decision of the majority of Muslims . Today we have already seen their temper, let them come and look at our morals. I assure you that even after I left the presidency , my community and I will help the people of Kashmir more than their colleagues. For me, this post does not matter . Respect is gained according to the ministry. The leader of the nation is one who serves his people ...

- Savane Fazle Umar ^[29]

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad resigned as president of the All-India Committee of Kashmir in 1932 due to unrest and unrest caused by the Ahrori movement.

Persecution

“Majlis Akhrar-ul-Islam” was a short-lived separatist political movement that had previously joined the Caliphate . It differed on some issues from the Indian National Congress . Then at a meeting in Lahore in 1931, it announced the creation of its party. The Ahrori movement, freely financed by the congress , also opposed the policy of the Muslim League. They stated that their goal is to guide the Muslims of India in matters of nationalism and religion . They vehemently opposed the Ahmadian Muslim community in India at the political level. In 1931, they held a series of conferences and organized a protest demonstration near the city of Kadian . They were reportedly incited hatred against Ahmadiyyat , which was accompanied by severe persecution of Ahmadi Muslims. Many of them were reportedly attacked, beaten, stoned and looted. In a number of places their mosques were occupied by other people. ^[30] Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad advised all Muslims - Ahmadi not to take retaliatory measures. He commanded them to concentrate on prayer and explained that it was inevitable for the Ahmadiy community to experience periods of persecution. He said:

We must commit ourselves if we are called upon to sacrifice our spiritual and physical lives or to be tortured in the hands of those who oppose us. It is impossible to achieve victory without sacrifice. All these sacrifices are God 's grace . When Moses saw the fire , God told him: “Verily I am your Lord. I point to you. If you want to reach God , you have to go through it. ” Consequently, you too must pass through fire and other similar dangers on the road to success.

- Al-Fazl ^[31]

"New scheme"

Fazl Mosque in London, founded in 1924.

In 1934, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad made a statement that he received a divine revelation of the practical implementation of the scheme for the creation of foreign missions and the moral education of Muslims - Ahmadi. According to this initiative, members of the Ahmad community were to voluntarily devote themselves to missionary work, and they also had to donate funds to a special fund for spreading Islam in foreign countries. As a result of these activities, 46 foreign missions were created. “Tahrik Jadid” and “Waqfe Jadid” or “new scheme” and “new devotion” were initially viewed as a spiritual battle against Muslim oppressors, Ahmadi. Muslims - Ahmadi was put a number of requirements and restrictions. They had to lead a modest lifestyle, that is, to limit themselves to food , clothing, and so on. For them, a temporary ban was introduced on all forms of luxury and entertainment . Members of the Ahmadi community were encouraged to devote their time and money for the sake of their faith. Over time, the scheme produced an enormous amount of literature in defense of Islam in general and in defense of Ahmadi’s beliefs in particular. These funds were also spent on preparing and dispatching Ahmadi missionaries outside the Indian subcontinent , and their means of subsistence. As part of this program, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad appointed five men to examine Punjab in order to find out the best way to spread the Ahmadi teachings. For the first time, an organized method of teaching community members as missionaries was created. Addressing the opposition in the face of the Ahrori movement, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, said:

In order to expand the spread of Islam, I called on young people to come forward and devote their lives to serving religion . Hundreds of young people have already responded to my call . These graduates, each month , are paid Rs 15 as a benefit. This is a small allowance that can hardly serve their basic needs. However, those who live on this small amount travel to other countries and spread the message of Islam . I invited community members to come forward and make financial donations. At the same time, I say that the time has not yet come for great sacrifices. I requested to collect 27,000 rupees , while the community promised to collect 108,000 rupees, of which more than 82,000 rupees have already been received.

- “Friday sermon”, September 27, 1935.

The Waqfe Jadid system was responsible for the internal aspect of educating members of the Ahmadi community . According to this system, community members were supposed to devote their lives to the education and moral education of Muslims - Ahmadi in rural areas within India. Later permanent establishments of this institution were created. During the reign of the late caliphs of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, this system acquired an international character. ^[9]

Subsidiary organizations

After the community began to expand rapidly, it was divided into different age groups: “Khudammul Ahmadiyya” is a youth organization that unites youth from the age of fifteen to forty years. “Atfaul Ahmadiyya” is a children's organization uniting boys aged seven to fifteen years old. Lajna Imaulla is an organization of women over the age of fifteen. “Nusratul Ahmadiyya” is an organization of girls aged from seven to fifteen years old. Ansarulla is an organization of men over the age of forty.

Shamsi Islamic Calendar

The Gregorian calendar was created on the basis of the solar movement and begins with the birth of Jesus , while the Islamic calendar is based on the lunar movement and begins with the emigration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina , which occurred in 622. In 1940, after a long study of calculations under the leadership of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, a new calendar “Shamsi” on Hijra was developed based on solar movement. Despite the fact that this calendar was created on the basis of solar calculations, it was formed from the beginning of the emigration of Muhammad instead of the birth of Jesus . According to this method, the year 2008 corresponds to the year 1387 AH / Shamsi, that is, from the moment of Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina . The number and time frame of each month of this calendar are similar to the Christian calendar, that is, the lunar month is shorter by several days than the solar one. ^[32] Each month of the Hijri solar calendar is based on an important event in the history of early Islam:

1. Sulh ( Peace ): January
2. Tabligh ( sermons ): February
3. Aman (protection): March
4. Shahadat ( martyrdom ): April
5. Hijra t ( migration ): May
6. Ihsan ( goodwill ): June
7. Wafa ( loyalty ): July
8. Zahur (appearance): August
9. Echwa (brotherhood): September
10. Tabuk ( Battle of Tabuk ): October
11. Nabuvvat ( Prophecy ) November
12. Fatah (win): December

The Promised Son

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, in a series of his public speeches all over India in 1944, stated that he was the very “Promised Son” that was predicted by his father Mirza Ghulam Ahmad . During meetings held in various places in India , he reported that this claim was based on revelation . He clarified that he was not only the Promised Son, because, in accordance with the prophecies, there will be reflections of other “Promised Sons”, and some of them will manifest themselves even after centuries . He also predicted his return in the form of another Promised Son in order to reform the world in the period of widespread shirka ( polytheism ).

He also managed to translate and publish the Koran into different languages ​​of the world. The ten volumes of Tafsir Kabir, which he wrote, are an incomplete commentary on the Qur'an . His scholarship in the field of religious and secular subjects was well known in literary circles. He gave a number of well-known lectures on various topics in educational institutions attended by intellectuals and leaders of the time.

Migration to Pakistan

Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad in 1954.

In 1947, after Pakistan gained independence under the leadership of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad, members of the Ahmadi community emigrated from Kadian , India to Pakistan. In order to preserve the saints for Muslims - Ahmadi, places, in Kadian, they left 313 men from among the Ahmadi community, who became known as the dervishes of Kadian. Among them, he left his two sons. Initially, members of the Ahmadiyan community settled in Lahore , but in 1948, members of the Ahmadiyan community dried up their allotted piece of land, under the leadership of Khalifa , built the town of Rabbah ^[33] , which quickly became the new headquarters of the Ahmadiyah community. In Pakistan, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad delivered a series of lectures on the future of Pakistan in terms of:

• Defense
• Agriculture and Industry
• Afforestation
• Livestock and Mineral Resources
• Economic growth
• The development of ground, air and sea forces.

Riots in 1953

In 1953, mass unrest against Muslims - Ahmadi, which resulted in street protests, as well as the publication of inflammatory articles were organized. These unrest led to the death of 2,000 Muslims - Ahmadi. In connection with these unrest, martial law was established, and the government was dismissed by the Governor-General . ^[34] In this regard, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad stated:

The Ahmadiya Muslim Community was created by Almighty Allah . If these people win, it must be admitted that we were not on the right track, but if we are on the right track, then undoubtedly they will be defeated.

- Al-Fazl, dated February 15, 1953.

Attempted murder and death

March 10, 1954, the man was in the front row behind Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad during the Asr prayer . Immediately after the end of the prayer, he rushed in his direction, and struck him with two blows with a dagger in the neck and stomach. ^[35] He suffered serious injuries, but survived. After a partial recovery, he went to Europe for further medical and surgical treatment. After a short stay in Lebanon , Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad went to Switzerland through Athens and Rome . He continued to travel and received some medical care in Zurich , Hamburg and London . After consulting with the doctors, it was concluded that the tip of the knife was broken and stuck in the jugular vein . Doctors recommended that he do nothing to remove it.

During his trip, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad visited various missions of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in Europe, and also visited Venice and Austria . In London, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad held a conference of all missionaries in Europe and visited a number of other European countries. ^[36]

Over the years, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad’s health has undergone a lengthy process of slow but progressive decline. On November 8, 1965, at 2:20 am, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad died in Rabwe, Pakistan . After the elections, his successor, the III Caliph of the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi Mirza Nasir Ahmad, led his funeral prayer . The service took place on November 9, 1965 at 4:30 pm. More than 50,000 people took part in it. He was buried in the Bakhshti Makbara cemetery ^[37] in Rabwa, next to his mother, Nusrat Jahan Begum. ^[38]

His works and speeches

Below are some of the major works of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad.

• “ Tafsir Kabir” (Great Comment)
• Introduction to the Study of the Quran
• Invitation to Ahmadiyat
• Gift for kings
• New world order of islam
• The economic system of Islam
• Muhammad in the Bible
• Truth prophecies
• Spiritual journey
• Ahmadiyyat - True Islam
• Real revolution
• Superiority of the Holy Quran
• Muhammad - The Liberator of Women
• Solving the political problems of India
• Existence of God
• Angels of god
• How could Jesus atone for the sins of mankind?
• The Mirror of Truth, the Truth of Split
• Path of Seekers
• Remembrance of allah
• Life of muhammad
• Hazrat Ahmad
• Collection of poetry by Mahmud