Hakim Nuruddin

The family tree of Mawlana Hakim Nuruddin dates back to Umar ibn al-Khattab , the second caliph of Islam . Hakim Nuruddin was the youngest of seven brothers and two sisters. 34th generation in a straight line of men of his kind originates from Umar ibn al-Khattab , the second caliph of Islam. ^[2] The ancestors of Mawlana Nuruddin emigrated from Medina and settled in Balkh (city) | Balkh]]. They became rulers of Kabul and Ghazni . During the attack of Genghis Khan , his ancestors emigrated from Kabul , and were among the first to settle near the city ​​of Multan , later they finally settled in the city ​​of Behra. Among his ancestors there were a large number of saints who taught Islam and claimed the proud privilege of leaving behind a chain of descendants who had memorized the Holy Quran . His early eleven generations were honored with this greatness. His ancestors showed great love and charm in relation to the Holy Quran . Among the ancestors of Mawlana Hakim Nuruddin, there were saints and scholars of the highest reputation . Among his ancestors were kings , Sufis , Qazis and martyrs . Many of his ancestors once occupied an important place in the Muslim world. The family members of his tribe are still known as princes . In Behr (his homeland), his family was highly respected from the very beginning. ^{[3] [4]}

Hakim Maulvi Nuruddin believed that his mother was his first teacher , Nurbakht. He said that love for the Holy Quran was instilled in him with the milk of his mother. In order to obtain primary education, he went to a local school. His father, Hafiz Gulam Rasul, was a Muslim, and as a parent he paid great attention to the education of his children. Nuruddin recalled his father's love of knowledge, through the fact that was recorded by his official biographer , Abdul Kadir Sadagar Malom ^[5] .

My father showed great interest regarding the education of his children. A Hindu scholar named Madan Chand lived in our city. He was sick with leprosy. For this reason, people settled it away from the city. My father sent my brother to study with him. One man asked him: “Why are you destroying the life of such a beautiful boy?” To which my father replied: “I will not resist if, having gained as much knowledge as Madan Chand gained, he will become a leper.” You must be the same father for your children. If my father were alive today, he would send me to study in America. He spoke Punjabi as it was his native language. Once having heard a soldier speaking Urdu , he fell in love with this language, learned it, and began to read the books of Shah Valiulla . ^[five]

The elder brother of Nuruddin, Sultan Ahmad, was a very educated person. He owned a printing company in Lahore . Once, when Nuruddin was 12, he and his brother went to Lahore. There he became ill and was successfully cured by Hakim Ghulam Dastgir Saeed Mitta. Impressed by his manners and his skills, Nuruddin wished to study medicine. However, his brother persuaded him to study the Persian language and directed him for this purpose to the famous teacher of Persian language and literature, Munshi Muhammad Qasim Kashmiri. Nuruddin studied Persian in Lahore, where he spent two years. He studied the basics of the Arabic language under the guidance of his brother. In 1857, during his journey from Bhera to Calcutta , he met a bookseller who called on Nuruddin to study the translation of the Holy Quran . To this end, he presented him with hard copies of the five main chapters of the Holy Quran, together with their translation into Urdu . Soon after, a merchant from Bombay invited him to study two books in the Urdu language “Takviatul iman” and “Masharikul anvar”. These books were the interpretation ( Tafsir ) of the Holy Quran . After a few, he returned to Lahore and began to study medicine with the famous doctor Hakim Allah Dean from Gunty Bazaar. He did this for some time, and on this his teaching was postponed. ^[6]

Nuruddin was later sent to Rawalpindi to attend high school in Rawalpindi. He was 17 years old when he came to school. He received a certificate of maturity at the age of 21 years. He was a brilliant student and, because of his qualities, was appointed director of the school in Pind Dadan Khan. This probably happened in Rawalpindi , where he had his first contact with Christian missionaries . He recalled his stay in Rawalpindi. ^{[5] [7]}

He said: “When I lived in Rawalpindi , next to our house was a bungalow owned by an Englishman named Alexander. Once this man gave me two books that were printed very beautifully. They were called Misanul Khak and Tarikatul Khayyat. I read them very carefully. Even then, I treated the Holy Quran with great love. Despite the fact that I was still a child, I found these books shameful. At that time, I did not even know about the existence of the Holy Spirit . "

For the next 4–5 years, Nuruddin traveled all over India . He went to Rampur , Muradabad, Lucknow and Bhopal in order to study the Arabic language with famous teachers of that time. He studied Mishkat al-Masabih under the direction of Sayyid Hassan Shah. He studied fiqh (Islamic law) under the direction of Azizollah Afghanistan . He studied Islamic philosophy under the leadership of Maulvi Irshad Hussein Mujadadi. He studied Arabic poetry under Saadullah Uriyal. He studied logic under the leadership of Maulvi Abdul Ali and Mullah Hassan. In Lucknow , he went to study oriental medicine with the famous Hakim Ali Hussein Lucknow. This healer vowed not to teach anyone. According to the biographers , when Nuruddin entered his house for an interview, and a discussion started between them, the doctor was very impressed that in the end, he agreed to accept Nuruddin as a student. The next city he visited was Bhopal . There he was engaged in medicine and was introduced to the head of the city of Bhopal .

Mecca and Medina

In 1865, at the age of 25, he traveled to the cities of Mecca and Medina . He remained in these cities for many years to gain religious knowledge. He learned the hadith from the famous sheikh Hassan Hizraji and Maulvi Rahmatullah Kirayanvali. There he brought a vow of allegiance to Shah Abdul Ghani, the grandson of Shah Valiullah Dehlevi .

Return to Behra

On the way back to his hometown, Nuruddin stayed in Delhi for several days. Here he had the opportunity to attend the lessons of the leader and founder of the Deoband Theological Seminary, Kashima Nanautvi, who made a very good impression on him. ^[3] In 1871, he returned to his hometown of Bhera, and opened a religious school, where he began to teach the Holy Quran and hadith . In addition, he began to practice oriental medicine. In a short time he gained fame as a doctor , and the fame of him reached Maharaja Kashmir , who in 1876 appointed him his court physician.

Life Medic

In 1876, Nuruddin became the court physician of Maharaja Ranbir Singh - Ruler of Jammu and Kashmir . There were detailed reports on his stay as a court doctor . All public schools and hospitals were subordinate to him. Initially, he was the deputy chief physician , but was later appointed chief physician . During his tenure as chief physician, he devoted much time to serving Islam . He often debated with the Maharajas themselves on religious and intellectual topics. These discussions glorified him as a person with fearlessness and frankness. Maharaja and his son Raja Amar Singh said that they had met the Koran through Nuruddin.

Maharaja has repeatedly said that each of his courtiers pursues a specific goal, flatter him and seeks his own benefit. While Mr. Doctor is the only person who does not sharpen his ax against the government and therefore the state needs it. This was the reason that the statements of the doctor’s doctor are listened carefully, since they have no ulterior motive. " ^[6]

An excellent Hebrew scholar, Nuruddin was elected by Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan as the coordinator of a team of scholars to write a commentary on the Torah from the perspective of Islam . During this time, he also took an active part in the activities of the organization Anjuman Hamayati Islam . Nuruddin was a Maharaja's personal doctor until 1876. After Maharaja Pratap Singh came to power, in 1892, for political reasons, Nuruddin was forced to resign from the state of Jammu . He was later invited to this post in 1895, but declined this offer.

Introducing Mirza Ghulam Ahmad

During his stay in Jammu, Nuruddin constantly engages in religious debates with Christians and Hindus . One day he came across an atheist who asked him: "If the concept of God is true, why in this era of reason and knowledge, no one claims to receive divine revelations ." This was a question to which Nuruddin did not immediately find the answer. ^[8] At the same time, he stumbled upon torn pages from a book called Barahine Ahmadiyya. The book was written by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Kadian , who later advanced the claim to the dignity of the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi . Nuruddin was very surprised to see that the author of these pages made a claim to receive revelation . He began to read it with even greater interest. He was so impressed with this book that he decided to meet with the writer . Nuruddin later recalled his first meeting with Mirza Gulam Ahmad. ^[9] He said:

When I arrived in Kadian , I became very excited, trembling with anxiety, and prayed feverishly.

Nuruddin later stated:

It was after the Asr prayer , I went to the Mubarak mosque . As soon as I saw his face, I was overjoyed, and I felt happy and grateful to God for having found the ideal person whom I had been looking for all my life ...

At the end of the first meeting, I invited him to bring my vow of fidelity . Mirza Ghulam Ahmad said that he had not yet been instructed by God to take a vow of fidelity. Then I said: "Mr. Mirza promise me that I will be the first one, you will take a vow of fidelity

- Al-Hakam ^[10]

During his stay in Kadian , Nuruddin became a close friend of Mirza Gulam Ahmad. They showed mutual respect to each other. Although this connection turned him from a master into a student , Nuruddin remained forever a student of Mirza Gulam Ahmad . In the end, he left his job in Kashmir and moved to Kadian , building a house there. He often accompanied Mirza Gulam Ahmad during his travels.

Once Nuruddin asked Mirza Gulam Ahmad to assign him the task of performing intellectual jihad . Mirza Gulam Ahmad asked him to write a book of answers to the accusations of Christians against Islam . As a result, Nuruddin wrote two volumes of the book “Fasul hitab mukaddima ahli kitab. ^[11]

After completing this work, he again asked Gulam Ahmad to assign him a task. This time, Mirza Gulam Ahmad asked him to write a refutation of the beliefs of the Arya Samaj movement. Nuruddin wrote the book "Tasdik Barahine Ahmadiyya", which became a shortened version of the book "Barahine Ahmadiyya" ^[12]

Caliphate

After the death of Mirza Gulam, Ahmad Nuruddin was unanimously elected his first successor. Among his achievements, as a caliph , the translation of the Holy Quran into English is noted. Under his leadership, in 1914, the first mission of the Ahmadiyah Muslim Community in England was opened. During his Caliphate , various community newspapers and magazines began to be published. Becoming a Caliph , he personally participated in two successful debates in the cities of Rampur and Mansouri. He sent various groups of scholars from Kadian to preach the message of Ahmadiyyat , to give lectures on Islam and hold religious discussions in many cities in India . All the events organized with his direct participation were very successful for the Ahmadi community . These groups often included scholars from the Ahmadiyah Muslim community , such as Khoja Kamaluddin, Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad and Mufti Muhammad Sadik.

Treasury

During his Caliphate , in order to cope with the growing financial needs of society , Nuruddin created the official treasury of the Ahmadi community (“Baitul Mal”). All financial resources, as well as Sunset and other voluntary contributions, were directed to the treasury , and under his leadership various rules and administrative rules were established to manage this treasury.

Public Library

Nuruddin was an educated man and loved books . Soon after being elected to the post of Khalifa , he created a public library in Kadian . He donated many books from his personal library, and also made some significant financial contributions . Many other members of the Ahmadi community followed his example. The library was placed under the control of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad . In 1911, the British government announced that the coronation ceremony of the Emperor of India, King George V, would be held in Delhi . Nuruddin turned to the king with a request to provide Muslim employees and workers a break for two hours at noon, in connection with Friday worship in mosques . His request was gladly granted.

UK Mission

When Khoja Kamaluddin went to London in connection with his legal practice, Nuruddin advised him to keep three things in mind. One of them was an attempt to open a mosque , which was originally built by a lady from Bhopal , and was locked for some time. Having reached London , Khoja Kamaluddin inquired about this mosque , met with other Muslims and opened this mosque .

Internal strife

He also dealt with the prevention of internal strife, which was launched by some high-ranking members of the Ahmadiy High Council. They disagreed with some of the administrative principles regarding the rights to the caliphate . In the end, after his death , this group left Kadian , and founded its headquarters in Lahore . Subsequently, they created their own association, known as "Ahmadiya Anjuman Ishate Islam" ^{[13] [14]}

The books he wrote

• "Hakaikul Kuran" (Comments on the Holy Quran )
• Bayaz Nuruddin (medical textbook)
• “Faslyul hitab mukaddima ahli kitab” ^[15] (response to the objections of Christians and criticism of Islam)
• “Ibtal Uluhiyati Masih” ( Falsification of the divinity of Christ )
• Radde Tanasuh ( Refutation of Reincarnation )
• “Tasdik Barahine Ahmadiyya” (Confirmation of the truth of the Ahmadic arguments , as an answer to Pandit Lekh Ram)
• Mirkatul Yakin Fay Hayati Nuruddin (Stages of Belief in Nuruddin's Life) ( autobiography )
• “The Little Pehla Risalya” (The first book of teaching religion ).

Marriage and children

Nuruddin was married three times. His first wife died before he was elected to the post of Khalifa . His second wife was the daughter of Sufi Ahmadjan from Ludhiana . Mirza Gulam Ahmad personally persuaded him to marry her, because for a long time he had no children from his first wife. Sufi Ahmadjan had friendly relations with Mirza Gulam Ahmad. Nuruddin had children from both of his wives.

• From the first wife of Madame Fatima (daughter of Sheikh Mukarram Bhervi) ^[16] he had three children:

1. Madame Umama
2. Mrs. Hafsa
3. Mrs. Amatullah

• From the second wife of Madame Sugra Begum (daughter of Sufi Ahmadjan, also known as Ammaji) ^[16] , he had five children:

1. Madam Amatul Khai.
2. Mr. Abdul Hai
3. Mr. Abdu Salam
4. Mr. Abdul Wahhab
5. Mr. Abdul Manan

Information about his third wife is missing. ^[16] He probably married her when he was visiting Mecca and Medina . Many of his children died as a child .

• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
• Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmoud Ahmad
• Mirza Tahir Ahmad
• White minaret
• Cadian

• The official site of the Ahmadiyah Muslim community
• Introduction and a brief outline of the history of the Ahmadiyah Muslim community
• An official site highlighting the persecution of the Ahmadiyah Muslim community