Suprut settlement - an ancient settlement located on the river Upe in the Shchekino district of the Tula region near the village of Supruty . It was located in the lands of Vyatichi and was a major trading center on the way from the Oka to the Don .
 | Object of cultural heritage, Object No. 7100709000 |
The first inhabitants of the settlement were representatives of the Moshchinskaya culture of the 3rd - 8th centuries . The abundance of objects of Scandinavian origin suggests that the settlement was occupied by a certain Varangian squad, which turned it into an administrative center and a tribute collection point. There is an assumption that these Varangians, who competed with other groups of Varangians for control of trade routes on the Russian Plain , were under the patronage of the Khazar Khaganate in the 9th century, or were Khazar mercenaries called upon to guard this strategic trading point.
Archaeological data show that at the end of the 9th century the settlement was defeated, which was apparently associated with the campaigns of the Prophet Oleg in order to eliminate competing Varangian groups and Khazar influence, as well as subjugating the lands of Vyatichi and Northerners .
Oleg’s campaigns were temporarily subjugated by the Vyatichi, but soon Khazar influence was restored on them, and the Suprut settlement was again populated, as evidenced by the finds of Arab coins of the 10th century , things of Saltov culture . About 300 people lived on the settlement, its layout was different from the Slavic [1] [2] .
Some authors attributed the final rout of Suprut settlement to Svyatoslav’s campaigns in Khazaria and the Vyatichi lands in 965–968/969, however, according to archaeological data, the Supruts were destroyed in 910–915 [3] , after which the Don trade route faded away The movement of silver is carried out only through the Volga. The probable initiators of the campaign to the Supruts could be the squads of the Rus, who controlled the Volga trade route in the Upper Volga region ( Timerevo , Mikhailovsky, Petrovsky) [4] [5] .
The seven-beam temporal rings found in Supruti, apparently, became the prototype of the seven-bladed temporal rings of the Vyatichi [6] .
Literature
- Zorin A.V. , Shpilev A.G. Before Russia (Eastern Europe in the 9th century: the experience of reconstruction) // Proceedings of the State Hermitage. T. XLIX. SPb., 2009.
- Izyumova S.A. Suprutsky treasure 1969 // N.I. Troitsky and modern studies of the historical and cultural heritage of central Russia. Tula, 2002
Notes
- ↑ Grigoriev A.V. Slavic population of the Oka and Don watershed at the end of the I-beginning of the II millennium A.D. // Tula. State Reserve "Kulikovo Field", 2005
- ↑ Shinakov E. A. Education of the Old Russian State: socio-political aspect. Vol. 2 .M. 2009
- ↑ Grigoriev A.V. Slavic population of the watershed of the Oka and Don. Repl. Editor Naumov A.V., reviewers Ph.D. Kashkin A. V., Doctor of History Pushkina T.A. Tula 2005
- ↑ A. A. Fetisov , A. S Shchavelev . Vikings. Between Scandinavia and Russia, 2009.
- ↑ Dubov I.V. , Sedykh V.N. Chamber and log tombs of the Yaroslavl Volga // Historical Ethnography. 1993 Issue 4. St. Petersburg. S. 143-152.
- ↑ Mayorov A.A. Territorial groups of the Vyatichi of the VIII-XII centuries // Bulletin of the Kostroma State University named after N.A. Nekrasov. - 2017. - T. 23, No. 3. - S. 18-21.
Links
- Information about the Suprut settlement on the site of the city of Shchekino.