Juan Fernández de Navarrete ( Spanish: Juan Fernández de Navarrete ; 1526, Logrono - March 28, 1579, Toledo ) - Spanish artist of the late Renaissance and early Mannerism , a representative of the Toledo school of painting. He was deaf and dubbed al-Mudo (dumb).
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At the age of three, he suffered a serious illness, as a result of which he lost his hearing; I could not learn to speak and had poor health. Educated at the monastery in Estrella ( Spanish: Santuario de Santa María de la Estrella ), where he mastered the sign language used by the monks who took the vow of silence , and studied the basics of painting there under the guidance of the monk artist Vicente de Santo Domingo ( Spanish) Santo Domingo ). Then he traveled to Italy, including in Milan and Naples , and lived for a long time in Venice , where he improved in the workshop of Titian ; information that he lived in Rome in the 1550s is confirmed by Pellegrino Tibaldi ( Spanish: Pellegrino Tibaldi ).
In 1565, he was called to Spain by his teacher, and he worked with him at the court of King Philip II on paintings for the Escorial Palace . On March 6, 1568 he received the title of court painter and an annual maintenance of 200 escudos a year for the creation in Madrid , partly in Toledo , of 16 religious paintings, according to the ESB , “remarkable for the noble stylish design, strong expressiveness and harmony of warm colors”; enjoyed the personal location of the monarch. However, by the end of 1568, suffering from severe stomach pains and other health problems, Navarrette left the king and returned to the monastery in Estrella.
Some of his works later died or suffered from a fire, while their number was initially small. Of the surviving injured works, the painting "The Nativity of Christ" is known, which is heavily blackened; the most famous works: “The Torture of the Savior”, “The Holy Family”, “The Torment of the Apostle James” and several figures of the apostles and evangelists. Three paintings by the artist are in the Prado Museum , in Paris, one and “John the Baptist in the dungeon” in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg [5] . Critics have noted the influence on the manner of Navarreta, not only his teacher Titian, but also Antonio da Correggio .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 12055805X // General Normative Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 RKDartists
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Catalog of paintings / State Hermitage Museum, 1863
Links
- Navarrete, Juan Fernandez // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. }
- An article in La Grande Encyclopédie (fr.)
- Biography (Spanish)
- An article in the Great Catalan Encyclopedia (Catalan.)