Moscow Fire Station (Prechistenskaya fire station complex) is an object of cultural heritage of Federal significance (modern address: Prechistenka St., building 22/2, Building 1).
Sight | |
Moscow Fire Station | |
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A country | Russia |
Location | Moscow , st. Prechistenka , building 22/2, building 1 |
Architect | Kazakov, Matvey Fedorovich -? |
Date of construction | 1764 |
Status | OKN No. 7734527000 |
Content
Building History
A two-story L-shaped house located in the "aristocratic" district of Moscow at the intersection of Prechistenka and Chisty Pereulok, was erected in 1764 , presumably, according to the project of MF Kazakov (there is no documentary evidence for this).
Since 1764, a private house has repeatedly changed owners and rebuilt. At various times, it belonged to Princess Khovanskaya , N. I. Rtishchev , the family of General A. P. Ermolov .
At the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the building was built on and decorated in the style of mature classicism . During this period, a monumental central risalit appeared , decorated with half columns and pilasters of the Corinthian order on a rusticated arched basement. Unbinding of the cornice with alternating pairs of half-columns and pilasters created a plastically expressive and harmonious composition [1] .
The future building of the fire station suffered during the Moscow fire of 1812 , but was restored by its new owners - relatives of General A.P. Ermolova , who lived in the neighboring 20th house.
Fire Services
In 1835 , the treasury acquired possession and located the Central Fire Station (moved from Volkhonka in connection with the start of construction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior ). In addition to firefighters, the building also housed a police detachment.
In the early 1840s , for the needs of the Moscow Fire Station, the building was expanded with an extension that doubled its facade. In the new part, a risalit with half columns and pilasters was built, symmetrical and completely identical to the first.
In 1843 , the building was crowned by a fire tower in the form of a tiered tower with an annular colonnade. Sentries were constantly on duty on it, and in case of fire, they immediately gave an alarm. About the difficult work of the duty officer Vladimir Gilyarovsky wrote:
On the bow, under the balls, he walked day and night. It was difficult for this "high-ranking" person to weather during storms, especially in frosts in winter, and even harder in summer: the sun bakes, and even fires in summer are more frequent than in winter - just look yawn! And he walks around, and "looks around the neighborhood ... |
[2] .
In 1900 , an ambulance station was organized at the depot and built the first fire-dryer for fire hoses in Russia, and a telephone switchboard was installed in the office for direct communication with all fire departments of the city. By the beginning of the 20th century, a technical center for flame control with a training room, a veterinary hospital for animals damaged by fire, various workshops - saddlery, copper, wheeled, etc., were created in the building [3]
In 1902 , the first “balalaika orchestra” of the Moscow Fire Command began to give concerts in the building. A “samovar on a sleigh” appeared here, which in the cold season delivered hot tea to firefighters [4] .
In 1906-1907 , in one of the premises of the Moscow Fire Station on Prechistenka, classes at the Prechisten work courses were held.
In 1908 , the first fire truck in Moscow appeared in the Prechistenskaya part with a sliding ladder, which could reach the height of the third floor. On alarm, a firewall, fireman, paramedic and several firefighters rode out of the car [5] .
In 1915 , another extension was made to the building along the neighboring Chisty Lane.
The fire station was located in the building during the Soviet era.
In 1930 , the tower was torn down.
On the territory of the fire station there is a huge mosaic panel depicting the heroic work of firefighters during a fire at the Bolshoi Theater in 1853 and a large fire at the Rossiya Hotel in 1977 [6] .
In 1999 , a chapel was built in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God the Burning Cupin in memory of all firefighters and rescuers who died in the line of duty. [7] .
Currently, the building at 22 Prechistenka Street is the headquarters of the fire department in the city of Moscow.
A project is being considered to restore the historical appearance of the Prechistinskaya fire station, which includes the restoration of a historic building and the restoration of a wooden tower. In addition, it is planned to build new facilities in the empty territories of the unit [8] .
Interesting Facts
There is a version that it’s about the Prechistenskaya Colonnade that is referred to in the memoirs of A. I. Herzen “The Past and Thoughts”:
I was taken to the chief of police, I don’t know why - no one spoke a word to me, then they brought me back to a private house, where I had a room prepared under Kalanch. |
[9] The fire station is mentioned in the novel “ Heart of a Dog ” by M. A. Bulgakov : the dog Sharik wandered around him, sniffing,
"How it smells like onion from the fire crew of the Prechistenskaya" |
[10] .
Notes
- ↑ Moscow Fire Station // Moscow: Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. S. O. Schmidt ; comp .: M.I. Andreev, V.M. Karev. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1997 .-- 976 p. - 100 000 copies - ISBN 5-85270-277-3 .
- ↑ V.A. Gilyarovsky. Moscow and Muscovites .
- ↑ Interesting facts about the history of the origin of the Moscow fire service .
- ↑ Moscow firefighters will be a cut above .
- ↑ Moscow Saint-Germain. The magnificent Prechistenka .
- ↑ Prechistinsk Fire and Police Unit .
- ↑ Temple chapel in honor of the Icon of the Mother of God the Burning Cupid .
- ↑ In the Prechistenskaya fire section of Moscow, the wooden canal of the 19th century, lost in the 30s restored .
- ↑ A.I. Herzen. The past and thoughts. Chapter IX .
- ↑ M.A. Bulgakov. Dog’s heart .
Literature
- Moscow Fire Station // Encyclopedia "Moscow" / Ed. S.O. Schmidt . - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1997 .-- 976 p.