Natolinians

XX Congress of the CPSU , Poznan events , the death of Boleslav Bierut sharply exacerbated the political situation in Poland in 1956 ^[1] . The imminent onset of political change became apparent. In the PUWP a group of “ Pulawians ” arose, uniting mainly ideological functionaries, often of Jewish nationality. In the recent past, Orthodox Stalinists , they began to advocate for the liberalization of the regime.

The appearance of the "Pulavians" provoked a sharp reaction from the conservative wing of the PUWP, which required the maintenance of the status quo. At a meeting place in Warsaw, this group was called "Natolinians." The leaders were vice-premiers Franciszek Yuzvyak ( police general), Zenon Novak and Stanislav Lapot , members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PUWP Vladislav Dvorakovsky (Chairman of the Committee for Public Security ) and Franciszek Mazur , candidate for membership of the Politburo of the Hillary Khelkhovsky (Head of the Agricultural Department of the Central Committee of the POORPs), Chairman Alexander Zawadzki , Minister of Housing Kazimierz Mijal , Secretary of Rzeszow voivodship Committee of PZPR Vladislav Kruchek , Minister of chemical industry Boleslav Ruminsky , chairman of the official by the trade s Victor Klosevich . All of them were ethnic Poles and as a rule came from workers or peasants (the son of the landowner Mazur was an exception).

"Natolintsy" categorically rejected plans for political liberalization. Since the opposing group was largely Jewish in terms of ethnic composition and intellectual in social and cultural terms, there were pronounced motives of anti-Semitism and anti-intellectualism in the “Natolin” slogans. On the whole, the group’s approach was national-communist and totalitarian - autocratic .

Paradoxically, the conservative-Stalinist group, which denied the decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU, was supported by Nikita Khrushchev . He proceeded from the former reputation of the "Pulavians" as Stalinist dogmas and did not believe in their sincerity. "Natolintsy" also believed that the reformist speeches of opponents do not reflect ideological principles, but the desire to maintain power in the new situation.

In October 1956 , a plenum of the Central Committee of the PUWP was held . “Natolintsy” hoped to gain the upper hand due to Soviet support, but the “Pulavites” won the victory in the inter-factional confrontation ^[2] . Having taken the post of first secretary, Vladislav Gomulka led a policy that generally coincided with the “Slavic” program. Many, though by no means all, “Natolins” lost their posts.

Kazimierz Miyal, together with Hilary Khekhlovsky and Vladislav Dvorakovsky, organized an underground Maoist Communist Party , engaged in illegal anti-government agitation. Miyal illegally moved to Albania , then to China , returned to Poland in 1983, was arrested the next year for distributing leaflets against General Jaruzelski, and spent three months in prison ^[3] . Dvorakovsky returned to the profession of a locksmith.

A kind of "Natolin revenge" took place in the second half of the 1960s. The “Natolintsy” program was essentially inherited by the “ partisan faction ” led by Mechislav Mochar . The political crisis of 1968 was accompanied by an anti-Semitic campaign (it was then that a number of former "Pulavians" were forced to leave their posts) and led to a sharp tightening of the regime. Vladislav Gomulka as a whole moved to the "Natolin" position. However, the revenge was ideological, and not personal - the leaders of the “Natolintsevs” themselves not only did not gain a foothold in power, but some of them were generally withdrawn from official politics.

The “Slavic” line again prevailed in the 1970s in the social maneuvering policy pursued by Edward Gerek . Such "leaders" as the Minister of Foreign Affairs Stefan Olshovsky , the head of the Security Service Boguslav Stakhura , and the Deputy Prime Minister Tadeusz Pyka stood at the "Natolin" positions during this period.

The political tradition of the “Natolinians” and “partisans” to a certain extent continued in the 1980s in the activities of “party concrete” - Miroslav Milevsky , Tadeusz Hrabsky , Albin Sivak , Jozef Baryly . In 1988 - 1989, these forces were completely defeated in the confrontation with the Solidarity movement and in the internal party conflict with Jaruzelsky- Kishchak - Rakovsky .

• Pulawians
• Partisans (PORP fraction)
• Communist Party of Poland (1965)

• JEDLICKI Witold: "Chamy i Żydy." [Paryż 1962] .- s. 3-41 / Kultura 12/1962.