The State Security Commission ( Polish Państwowa Komisja Bezpieczeństwa ) is the coordinating body for the leadership of the power structures of Poland in 1946-1948 . She led the suppression of anti-communist resistance, the persecution of the opposition, the deportation of the Ukrainian population . She coordinated the repressive actions of the army, the Ministry of Public Security , the Internal Security Corps , the police and the ORMO organization. After the formation of the PUWP, functions were transferred to a similar party commission .
Content
Personnel
The commission was established by decision of the PPR leadership in March 1946 . Formally, the task was charged with ensuring order during the preparation and conduct of the referendum scheduled for June 30 [1] . The real goal was to suppress the anti-communist rebel movement [2] . With the corresponding installation in February 1946 made by Vladislav Gomulka [3]
The Commission was chaired by the Minister of Defense
- Marshal Michal Role-Zhimersky
were also members of the Commission
- Major General Stanislav Radkevich , Minister of Public Security
- Division General Franciszek Yuzvyak , Deputy Minister of Public Security, Chief Commandant of the Civil Police
- Division General Boleslav Kenevich , Commander of the Internal Security Corps
- Colonel Jozef Chaplitsky , Director of the Department for Combating Banditry, Ministry of Public Security
- brigade general Ostap Stets , chief of the operational department of the General Staff of the Polish Army
- brigade general Victor Grosh , head of the labor department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Marshal Role-Zhimersky, generals Radkevich, Yuzvyak, Kenevich headed the power structures. Colonel Chaplitsky was in charge of the suppression of Polish anti-communist rebellion. General Stets, an ethnic Ukrainian , was engaged in a special sector - the fight against the UPA . General Grosh, a professional journalist and diplomat, was in charge of the propaganda of the repression.
All members of the Commission represented the communist PPR.
Coordination of Repression
The territory of Poland was divided into 14 “security zones”, in each of which the territorial offices of the Commission were created. Local leadership was provided by the voivodeship security committees as part of the local army commander, the head of the relevant state security department, the police commandant and the commander of the Internal Security Corps. In total, the Commission had at its disposal about 180 thousand military personnel, police officers, Corps fighters, state security operatives, as well as tens of thousands of members of the ORMO party formation.
The bodies of the Commission led and coordinated the suppression of the partisan movements of AK , WiN , AKO , KWP , the persecution of opposition organizations, primarily the Peasant Party and socialists , and the deportation of Ukrainians during Operation Vistula .
Member Fates
After the establishment of the PUWP in 1948 , certain changes occurred in the management of punitive policies. Representatives of the Polish Army were distanced from it, control of the repressive apparatus completely passed into the hands of party leaders and senior officials of state security. The influence of such functionaries as Yakub Berman and Roman Romkovsky increased . On February 24, 1949 , a new body was established - the Security Commission of the Central Committee of the PUWP , replacing the State Commission.
Michal Rol-Zhimersky in 1949 was removed from the post of Minister of Defense and in 1953 repressed. (Dissatisfaction in the party leadership and in the USSR was caused by his orientation toward national military personnel.) He was released in 1955 . Subsequently, he held honorable, but insignificant government posts.
Stanislav Radkevich remained Minister of Security until 1954 . He was removed in the order of de-Stalinization.
Franciszek Yuzvyak in 1948 - 1956 was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the PUWP, in 1955 - 1956 - Deputy Prime Minister of Poland . He resigned after the start of de-Stalinization. He headed the Stalinist group “ Natolintsy ” in the PUWP.
Boleslav Kenevich in 1948 - 1950 served in the Soviet army. In 1950 he returned to Poland, until 1954 he commanded the Krakow Military District. Then he again served in the USSR until demobilization and his return to Poland.
Jozef Chaplitsky continued his state security career until his dismissal in 1957 .
Ostap Stets held command posts in the Silesian Military District, in 1956 he moved to the USSR.
Victor Grosh was Poland’s ambassador to Czechoslovakia, a member of the diplomatic mission in Cambodia, led a program on Polish radio.
Of all the members of the State Security Commission, only Radkevich transferred to the Security Commission of the Central Committee of the PUWP.
See also
- Security Commission of the Central Committee of the PUWP
Notes
- ↑ PAŃSTWOWA KOMISJA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA
- ↑ Atlas polskiego podziemia niepodległościowego 1944-1956
- ↑ ORMO / WPROWADZENIE. PROJEKT POWOŁANIA ORMO unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 26, 2015. Archived on February 20, 2015.