Reaction apparatuses are devices with a stirring mechanism used to carry out the processes of suspension and dispersion . They consist of a casing, an annular heat-exchange chamber, a pump and an integrated shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a circulation tube, inside which there is a screw device and a cylindrical insert [1] .
Content
Purpose
The reaction apparatuses create a multi-pass circulation flow, increase the efficiency of the heat exchange structures, intensify the movement process, and expand the range by the minimum duty ratio. Their scope: chemical , medical, petrochemical and other industries [2] .
Views
Distinguish:
- column type reaction apparatus. In them, the process of fluid circulation is carried out in the system itself;
- dish-type reaction absorption apparatus. In them, the necessary volume of liquid is provided by its level on the plate;
- packed type reaction apparatus. In them, only part of the liquid is in the circulation system. To ensure sufficient volume, multiple circulation is used [3] .
Principle of Operation
The capacity of the reaction apparatus with a mixing device is filled to the level at which the pump is located, which allows in the operating mode to efficiently circulate any intensity through the heat exchanger , thereby creating optimal conditions for heat transfer. The gate device responsible for the process of regulating the circulation provides the feed into the sectional reaction chamber at a given reaction mass rate. The second component of the reaction is fed into the subsequent or lower sections of the reaction chamber through separate pipes [2] .
Actual problems and their solution
Used chemical reaction equipment is not economical, with its help it is impossible to make correct and accurate measurements, as a result of which it is impossible to achieve high efficiency of technological production processes and minimize the content of impurities while maintaining the low cost of the final product .
These problems can be solved by automating processes and adjusting them. Also, for effective automation of processes and their safety, it is necessary to ensure accurate monitoring of the main parameters of technological processes.
Notes
- ↑ Batuner L. M. "Mathematical methods in chemical engineering"
- ↑ 1 2 Ponikarov I. I. “Machines and apparatus for chemical production and oil and gas processing”
- ↑ Tatevosyan G. O. “Technology of synthetic resins, plastics and products from them”