Gujarat State is located on the northwest coast of India . Its economy is based on the oil and gas, chemical and textile industries, pharmaceuticals, cement, automobiles, marine vessels and food products, diamond processing, marine transport, the financial sector, agriculture and fisheries are of great importance. As of 2010, Gujarat accounted for 16% of industrial production in India, 22% of the country's exports, 35% of drug production, 51% of chemical production, 62% of petrochemical production, about 66% of salt production and more than 90% of soda production [1] [2 ] ] [3] .
During the British rule, Gujarati merchants, especially from the Parsis , played an important role in the economies of Bombay and Karachi [4] . During the period of independent India, the largest economic centers of the state were Ahmedabad (5.6 million), Surat (4.5 million), Vadodara (1.7 million), Rajkot (1.3 million), Bhavnagar (650 thousand), Jamnagar ( 530 thousand), Junagadh (320 thousand), Bhuj (300 thousand) and Vapi (170 thousand).
The state is divided into five economic regions - southeastern ( Valsad , Dang , Navsari , Surat and Tapi districts), eastern ( Anand , Ahmedabad , Bharuch , Vadodara , Gandinagar , Dakhod , Kheda , Mahisagar , Narmada , Panchmahal and Chhota-Udaipur districts ) , northeastern ( Aravalli , Banascantha , Mehsan , Patan and Sabarkantha districts ), central or Saurashtra ( Amreli , Botad , Bhavnagar , Gir-Somnath , Devbhumi-Dwarka , Jamnagar , Djunagadh , Morbi , Porbandar , North Rajkot and Rajkot ) -Western or Kach ( Kach district).
Gujarat has one of the country's largest networks of gas pipelines and asphalt roads, almost all villages are electrified and connected to broadband Internet [5] . A high-rise business complex Gujarat International Finance Tec-City is being built between Ahmedabad and Gandinagar . The author of the Gujarati "economic miracle" Narendra Modi in 2014 became the Prime Minister of India .
Content
Companies
The headquarters of multidisciplinary conglomerates Adani Group (including the energy company Adani Power ), the Lalbhai Group (including the textile company Arvind and the chemical company Atul ), the Torrent Group (including the pharmaceutical company Torrent Pharmaceuticals , the energy company Torrent Power are located in Ahmedabad and cable company Torrent Cables ) and Ajanta Group , pharmaceutical companies Cadila Healthcare , Dishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals and Intas Biopharmaceuticals , oil and gas company Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation , gas distribution company Gujarat Gas , mining company Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation , energy Gujarat State Energy Generation , Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation , Nirma cosmetics and detergent manufacturer, Vadilal food company, Gujarat Tea Processors & Packers tea company, Infibeam IT company, Sadbhav Engineering construction company, medical and laboratory equipment manufacturer Shakti Pharmatech , Aankhodekhi Group Publishing Company [6] [7] .
One of the country's largest banks, the Bank of Baroda , the energy companies Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam , Gujarat State Electricity Corporation , Gujarat Energy Transmission Corporation and Madhya Gujarat Vij , the chemical company Gujarat State Fertilizers and Chemicals , and the manufacturer of composite materials Kemrock, are based in Vadodara . The energy company Dakshin Gujarat Vij and the textile company Garden Silk Mills are based in Surat . In Rajkot, the energy company Paschim Gujarat Vij and the food company Balaji Group are based . The energy company Uttar Gujarat Vij is based in Mehsan . In Ananda , the headquarters of the country's largest dairy company Amul [8] and industrial equipment manufacturer Elecon Engineering are located . The manufacturer of metallurgical and electrical equipment Electrotherm is based in Gandinagar . In Kalol ( Panchmahal County), the headquarters of the plastic and textile manufacturer Sintex Industries is located .
Among the largest projects implemented in Gujarat by private companies are the petrochemical zones Reliance Group and Essar Group in Jamnagar , the port-industrial zones of the Adani Group in Mundra ( Kach district) and Dholair ( Ahmedabad district) [9] .
Industry
The main oil and gas production is carried out in Kalol, Khambhat and Ankleshvara ( Oil and Natural Gas Corporation ), the rest of the raw materials for the growing petrochemical industry are supplied by tankers from the Persian Gulf.
The largest oil refining and petrochemical complex of Reliance Industries company is located in the city of Jamnagar [10] . Essar Oil's refinery and the Indian Oil Corporation's offshore oil terminal are located in the suburbs of Jamnagar Vadinar. In the suburbs of Vadodara Koyali, the Indian Oil Corporation's Gujarat Refinery is located. Indian Petrochemicals Corporation owns petrochemical plants in Vadodara and Dahaj ( Bharuch County), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation , GAIL and Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation - a joint petrochemical plant in Dahaj, Royal Dutch Shell and Total - a joint liquefied gas plant in Khazir ( Surat County), GAIL company - liquefied gas plants in Waghodia ( Vadodara district) and Gandhara (Bharuch district). Gujarat Chemical Port Terminal is located at Daaj Port . Petronet LNG LNG terminals are located in Dahaj and Khazir .
Among the state’s largest chemical plants are Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers chemical plants in Bharuch , Krishak Bharati Cooperative in Khazir, Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative in Kalola ( Gandhinagar County) and Kandle ( Kach County), Cadila Healthcare pharmaceutical plants in Sananda ( Ahmedabad District), Ankleshwar ( Bharuch district) and Padre ( Vadodara district), Dishman Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals in Bavl and Narod (Ahmedabad district), Torrent Pharmaceuticals in Chhatral (Gandinagar district), Sun Pharmaceutical in Halol ( Panchmahal district ), CEAT tire factory in Halol, chemical plants companies Gujarat Fluorochemicals in Dahej [11] , Atul Valsad and Lanxess in Dzhhagadiya (DC Bharakuccha).
Tata Motors , Ford and PSA Peugeot Citroën , the Hitachi power equipment plant are based in Sananda (Ahmedabad County), the Hitachi power equipment plant, and the General Motors car assembly plant and Siemens electrical plant in Halola ( Panchmahal County). Larsen & Toubro owns a heavy engineering plant and a shipyard in Khazir, and Mahindra Gujarat Tractor owns a tractor plant in Vadodara. ABG Shipyard owns shipyards in Surat and Dahaj. Pipavav Shipyard owns a shipyard near the city of Rajul ( Amreli County). Modest Infrastructure owns two shipyards in Bhavnagar . In the city of Alang ( Bhavnagar District) is the world's largest complex for the recycling of ships [12] .
The state food industry specializes in the production of vegetable oil, sugar, dairy products ( Vadilal ice cream factory in Gandhinagar County), tea packaging (Gujarat Tea factory in Kheda County). The largest dairy company in the country, Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), is based in Ananda ; in Alipor ( Navsari District), the Vasudhara Dairy cooperative. Arvind's textile factories are located in Narod ( Ahmedabad District) and Santage ( Gandhinagar District), while Century Textile and Industries are located in Vapi ( Valsad District) and Jhagadiya (Bharuch District).
Essar Steel owns a steel plant in Khazir (Surat County), Welspun Corp owns pipe plants in Dahaj and Anjar (Kach County), UltraTech Cement owns cement plants in Rajul (Amreli District), Jafrabad (Amreli District) and Vanakbori (District) Kheda). In the suburbs of Vadodara, the Haldyn Glass glass factory is located ; in Halol, the Saint-Gobain glass factory.
Energy
Coal, gas, and nuclear power plants play a major role in state energy. Gujarat State Electricity Corporation owns coal-fired power plants in Vanakbori ( Kheda district ), Ukae ( Tapi district ), Gandinagar, Sikke ( Jamnagar district) and Lakhpat (Kach district), gas power plants in Utran ( Surat district) and Dhuvaran ( Anand district), oil and gas a power station in Dkhuvaran; hydropower stations in Ukay and Kadan (Panchmakhal district ). Torrent Power owns the Sabarmati coal power plant in Ahmedabad , Gujarat Industrial Power Corporation owns the coal power plant in Surat , the National Thermal Power Corporation owns gas power plants in Urja Nagar (Bharuch district) and Aditya Nagar (Surat district).
Adani Power owns a coal-fired power plant in Mundra and a solar power plant in Bitta (both located in Kach County), Gujarat Mineral Development Corporation owns a coal-fired power plant in Nanichher (Kach County), Tata Power owns a coal-fired power plant in Mundra and a solar power station in Mithapur ( Devbhumi district - Dwarka ), Essar Energy - two gas power plants near Khazira (Surat district), a gas power station in Vadinar ( Jamnagar district) and a coal power station in Vadinar, Gujarat State Energy Generation - a gas power station near Khazira, CLP Group - a gas electric power plant in Paguthan (Bharuch district), Nuclear Power Corporation of India - Kakrapar NPP .
Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam operates the Sardar Sarovar Hydroelectric Power Station ( Tapi County). In Patan County, Charanka Solar Park is located, which is part of the country's largest Gujarat Solar Park.
Agriculture
Gujarat is of Indian importance in the cultivation of cotton, peanuts, tobacco and sugarcane. The state also grows rice, wheat, jovar, bajra, corn, peas, chickpeas, dates, dairy cattle, including cows and buffalo, as well as sheep, goats and poultry. Gujarat is the largest producer of milk and butter in India, and it also has a prominent place in the production of meat, eggs, vegetable oil and sugar. The villages have many small enterprises and cooperatives for the primary processing of cotton and wool.
Transport and Communications
The main passenger traffic is at the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (Ahmedabad). The state’s largest seaport is Kandla ( Kach County), followed by the ports of Khazira, Mundra, Dahedzh, Vadinar and Porbandar . GAIL controls the HVJ Gas Pipeline from Khazira to Fayzabad; Reliance Industries controls the East West Gas Pipeline from Kakinada to Bharuch; Indian Oil Corporation controls the Kandla to Bhatinda pipeline .
The Adani Group controls the private port of Mundra (Kach County), including the world's largest coal terminal, and terminals at the ports of Khazira ( Surat County), Dahedzh ( Bharuch District) and Kandla [13] . Essar Ports controls the terminals at the ports of Vadinar ( Jamnagar District), Salaya (Jamnagar District) and Khazira. The AP Moller-Maersk Group, through APM Terminals, operates the private port of Pipavav (Amrell County).
The state has the National Expressway 1 (Ahmedabad-Vadodara) expressway, heavy traffic is observed on the National Highway 6 (Khazira-Calcutta), National Highway 8 (Delhi-Ahmedabad-Vadodara-Surat-Mumbai) and National Highway 8A (Ahmedabad-Mandvi )
Financial Sector
The state has three stock exchanges - Ahmedabad (1894), Vadodara (1990) and the Saurashtra-Kacha exchange in Rajkot (1989). Gujarat is home to one of the largest banks in India - the Bank of Baroda , as well as branches of the country's largest banks - State Bank of India , ICICI Bank , HDFC Bank , Axis Bank , Punjab National Bank , Bank of India , Union Bank of India , Kotak Mahindra Bank , IDBI Bank , Central Bank of India and Canara Bank .
Trade
Gujarat's largest malls include AlphaOne Mall, Ganesh Meridian, Kalasagar Shopping Hub, Iscon Mega Mall, 10 Acres Mall, Gulmohar Park Mall, Acropolis Mall and Wide Angle (Ahmedabad), Crystal Mall (Rajkot), Rahul Raj Mall and Cinepolis (Surat ), Westside Shopping Complex (Vadodara).
Tourism
As of 2010, about 20 million tourists visited Gujarat. Among the main attractions are sea beaches, national parks inhabited by Asian lions, Hindu and Jain temples, the palaces of the Maharajas and Sultans, the places where Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhai Patel were born.
Regional Features
Ahmedabad is the largest economic center of western India after Mumbai , the largest producer of denim , the largest exporter of faceted stones and jewelry. It is also a major center for retail, pharmaceutical and information technology ( Tata Consultancy Services , Tech Mahindra , Wipro , Infosys and HCL Technologies ). In 2010, Ahmedabad’s GDP reached $ 160 billion.
Surat is an important center for the textile industry and diamond processing. The port and major industrial enterprises are located in the suburbs of Khazir, other enterprises in the suburbs of Udkhan and Pandesar.
Ahmedabad
Bharuch and the neighboring suburbs of Ankleshwar, Jhagadiya and Dahedzh are major centers of the chemical, textile and food industries, where the enterprises of BASF , Ciba , Bayer , Lanxess , Sanofi , Pfizer , PepsiCo , Reliance Industries , Oil and Natural Gas Corporation , GAIL , Gujarat State are located Petroleum Corporation , Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers , Indian Petrochemicals Corporation , Cadila Healthcare , Wockhardt , Glenmark Pharmaceuticals , Lupin , ABG Shipyard , Welspun Group and Videocon .
In the south of Gujarat, there is another cluster of chemical and textile industries located around the city of Vapi (it is adjoined by large industrial centers Daman and Silvassa , administratively not belonging to the territory of Gujarat). Alok Industries , Welspun Group , Century Textile and Industries , Raymond Group , Gujarat Heavy Chemicals , Bayer , United Phosphorus , Micro Inks , Supreet Chemicals , Arti Chemical , Themis Chemicals and Sarna Chemicals are based in and around Wapi .
In Rajkot and its suburbs, enterprises that manufacture industrial equipment, auto parts, engines, machines, bearings, watch parts ( Atul Auto , Mahindra Gears and Transmissions , Synnova Gears and Transmissions , Jyoti CNC , Macpower CNC Machines ) are based. The city is also known for its jewelry bazaar, textile enterprises, and information technologies have been developing lately.
Notes
- ↑ Modi woos investors in state, markets brand Gujarat . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ India's Guangdong . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ The Potential of Specialty Chemicals Industry in Gujarat . Date of treatment March 31, 2015.
- ↑ Khaled Ahmed. Gujarat's gifts to India and Pakistan . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ Gujarat - Physical fitness . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ S&P CNX 500 - Constituent List . National Stock Exchange of India. Date of treatment March 27, 2015. Archived February 4, 2012.
- ↑ 25 Gujarat companies race to all-time highs . Date of treatment March 31, 2015.
- ↑ Amul to become the world's largest liquid milk brand . Date of treatment March 31, 2015.
- ↑ India talking of Gujarat's SEZ model: Narendra Modi . Date of treatment March 30, 2015.
- ↑ Reliance commissions of the world's largest refinery . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd. Date of treatment March 31, 2015.
- ↑ The Shipbreakers . Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
- ↑ About Us Adani Group. Date of treatment March 26, 2015.
Literature
- Sdasyuk G.V. States of India. - Moscow: “Thought”, 1981.
- Nicholson Louise. India. - Moscow: AST, 2005.
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gujarat Economics